giant left atria are defined as those measuring larger than 8 cm and are typically found in patients who have rheumatic mitral valve disease with severe regurgitation. enlargement of the left atrium may create compression of the surrounding structures such as the esophagus, pulmonary veins, respiratory tract, lung, inferior vena cava, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and thoracic vertebrae and lead t...

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are the single most important cause of death in the developing world [131]. According to a recent estimate of the World Heath Organization, 16.7 million deaths each year are caused by cardiovascular related illnesses [131]. Their early diagnosis and treatment has become vital for reducing the mortality and improving the quality of life of the patients suffer...

As part of a large-scale mutagenesis screen of the zebrafish genome, we have identified 58 mutations that affect the formation and function of the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system is particularly amenable for screening in the transparent zebrafish embryo because the heart and blood vessels are prominent and their function easily examined. We have classified the mutations affecti...

The study was designed to investigate the gross morphometric of heart of farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The total of twenty fish comprises of both male and female were used for this study, the average weight of fish were 980 g, average length of fish were 42 cm, average weight of heart were 1.3 gm and average length of heart were 2.6 cm. Grossly the heart wer...

Atrium is a popular architectural feature utilized widely by building designers and owners to bring various benefits such as adequate daylight, circulation spaces and surfaces for landscape applications. But atrium problems in tropical climates such as excessive daylight, glare and high temperature, which lead to increase building energy demand, have been reported. Atrium has been used with var...

Left atrium enlargement is a pathophysiological response to volume and pressure overload associated with a wide range of cardiovascular disorders leading to left ventricle systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Physiological factors contribute to significant differences in left atrium size in normal individuals. Moreover, left atrium enlargement was shown to have a significant prognostic value for...

This case report presents the diagnostic pathway and management of a rare congenital cardiac anomaly with an aorto-right atrial communication. Case: A 20-year-old male was assessed in clinic due to chest pain aortic dilation. He presented acutely recurrent pain. underwent multimodality cross-sectional imaging invasive testing determine anatomical physiological nature defect. Given known dilated...

Primary cardiac tumours are discovered in about 1 in 2000 necropsies. Cardiac myxomas make up half of all benign intracardiac tumours. Seventy five per cent are located in the left atrium. The first left atrial myxoma arising from the left atrium of a transplanted heart is reported.

A patient with rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, and mitral insufficiency is described. The thrombosed giant left atrium paralyzed the left vocal cord and completely obstructed the bronchi to the middle and lower lobes of the right lung. The giant left atrium mimicked a mediastinal tumor on the chest x-ray film.