this study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting adaray reduce corruption in the system, the review examines these factors and to provide appropriate solutions and strategies to reduce corruption. this research follows the question whether the quality of work life factors, individual drvnsazmany, brvnsazmany and cultural level of corruption has an impact or not. thus, this fact...

A substantial number of recent studies have examined the relationship between poverty and corruption to clarify the ways in which these phenomena interact. An understanding of this complex relationship can inform USAID planning and programming in democracy and governance, as well as in poverty reduction strategies. Corruption in the public sector-the misuse of public office for private gain-is ...

OBJECTIVE To identify the relationship between socioeconomic status, health system development and the incidence, prevalence and mortality of tuberculosis in Asia and the Pacific. METHODS Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of tuberculosis and 20 variables of socioeconomic, health system and biological-behavioral issues were included in the study involving all 46 countries of the Asian ...

Corruption can take various forms, including frank bribery and the corruption of knowledge. Prominent in the health field is corruption associated with the pharmaceutical industry. This can impair true freedom to choose optimal therapeutic strategies by misrepresenting less qualified yet more expensive (“pseudo-innovative”) products, resulting in increased expenditures without improvement in th...

"Petty corruption and honesty in all health care systems" is the original title of one of the bioethics networks within the worldwide study projects of the International Association of Bioethics. As the coordinator of this network, it still puzzles me why the word "petty" is in the title when in the past few years-through interviews and questionnaires involving 18 countries-it has become eviden...

2 Abstract Over the past few decades, many studies of corruption have been carried out. These studies have mainly focussed on specific characteristics such as: economic issues, legal issues, social propositions, impact on national development, and in relation to economic policy. The rationale of this research is to build initial system dynamics models of corruption, so that these models can ext...

Multisectoral actions for health, defined as actions undertaken by non-health sectors to protect the health of the population, are essential in the context of inter-linkages between three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. These multisectoral actions can address the social and economic factors that influence the health of a population at the local, natio...

While various forms of corruption are common in many health systems around the world, defining wrongdoing in terms of legality and the use of public office for private gain obstructs our understanding of its nature and intractability. To address this, I suggest, we must not only break the silence about the extent of wrongdoing in the health sector, but also talk differe...