The Human Capital Index (HCI) developed by the [World Bank, 2018a. human capital project. World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/30498 Accessed 26 February 2019] provides a measure which can be used to study (HC) productivity gaps between countries. HCI uses measures of survival, education and health estimate, at country level, HC ‘a child born today expect attain her/his 18th birthday, given...