?Weight to go? for questioning these claims, especially as they seem "too good to be true." Hydroxy citric acid (HCA), a modified form of citric acid, is commonly used as a ?fat burner? [2] in many weight loss supplements. It?s derived from the Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia), a fruit-bearing tree found Asia, Africa, and the Polynesian islands. HCA is believed to inhibit lipogenesis (the metabo...

?Weight to go? for questioning these claims, especially as they seem "too good to be true." Hydroxy citric acid (HCA), a modified form of citric acid, is commonly used as a ?fat burner? [2] in many weight loss supplements. It?s derived from the Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia), a fruit-bearing tree found Asia, Africa, and the Polynesian islands. HCA is believed to inhibit lipogenesis (the metabo...

Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is a zinc containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes the rapid and reversible conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into a proton (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion. On the other hand, capsaicin is the main component in hot chili peppers and is used extensively used in spices, food additives and drugs; it is responsible for their spicy flavor and pung...

OBJECTIVE Maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) is a consequence of heterozygous germline mutation in HNF1A. A subtype of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is also caused by biallelic somatic HNF1A mutations (H-HCA), and rare HCA may be related to MODY3. To better understand a relationship between the development of MODY3 and HCA, we compared both germline and somatic spectra of HNF1A ...

Taken orally, the drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been shown to improve functional outcomes for patients with MS; however, it is unclear how DMF mediates a protective effect. DMF and, more so, its active metabolite, monomethyl fumarate, are known agonists of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA₂), a G protein-coupled membrane receptor. Here, we evaluated the contribution of HCA₂ in media...

BACKGROUND/AIMS There are several imaging modalities available for the detection of focal liver lesions. Differentiation between focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is important because of the consequences for management. However, differentiation based on imaging alone still shows limitations. METHODS We reviewed the literature for typical features of FNH and HCA ...

By screening a T-DNA population of Arabidopsis mutants for alterations in inflorescence stem vasculature, we have isolated a mutant with a dramatic increase in vascular tissue development, characterized by a continuous ring of xylem/phloem. This phenotype is the consequence of premature and numerous cambial cell divisions in both the fascicular and interfascicular regions that result in the los...

OBJECTIVES Both total antimicrobial use and specific antimicrobials have been implicated as risk factors for healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HCA-MRSA) infection. The aims of this study were: (I) to explore predictors of a new HCA-MRSA infection in comparison with a new healthcare-associated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (HCA-MSSA); (II) to thorou...

BACKGROUND The role of well-done meat intake and meat-derived mutagen heterocyclic amine (HCA) exposure in the risk of colorectal neoplasm has been suggested but not yet established. OBJECTIVE With the use of gene-environment interaction analyses, we sought to clarify the association of HCA exposure with colorectal polyp risk. DESIGN In a case-control study including 2057 colorectal polyp p...

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) have been recently identified as a heterogeneous group, differing based on genotypic as well as morphological characteristics. HCA are most frequently found in women on oral contraception. A type of HCA, inflammatory HCA, is also known as telangiectatic HCA and was previously referred to as telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia. We present the first case of HCA ...