BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections can lead to liver failure, liver cancer, and death. In Canada, prevalence studies of HBV and HCV have been limited to regional and special populations. DATA AND METHODS Data are from cycles 1 (2007 to 2009) and 2 (2009 to 2011) of the Canadian Health Measures. Socio-demographic, health and lifestyle information was obtained via...

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been controlled incompletely despite adequate immunoprophylaxis in infants. The aim of this study was to characterize virological factors of HBV associated with vaccine failure in Thailand. Sera of 14 infected infants (13 HBeAg-positive and one HBeAg-negative) with vaccine failure and their respective mothers (group M1) were tested quantitat...

(1) All HIV-positive patients should have serum markers for hepatitis B checked (HBsAg, anti-HBc and/or antiHBs) tests within a month of diagnosis [II]. (2) All those negative for hepatitis B markers should be immunized and anti-HBs checked at 12 weeks. Patients failing to respond to a conventional course of 20 mg vaccine should received booster doses and/or a repeat vaccination cycle with the ...

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major health problem worldwide. approximately 1 million deaths annually due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives. This study was conducted to determine the coverage rate of HBV vaccine and assess the vaccine protective response among children under five years old in rural areas of Yemen. Methods. A cross-sectional study was ...

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are hyporesponsive to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. CPG 7909 is an oligodeoxynucleotide containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs that activate human B and plasmacytoid dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor 9. We previously reported that addition of CPG 7909 to a commercial HBV vaccine enhanced the kinetics, magnitude, and lon...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an etiological agent of hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B is a life-threatening disease that affects the liver. The clinical outcomes of the disease are varied from asymptomatic disease to serious complication such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite availability of the vaccine and appropriate treatment, hepatitis B infection still remains a majo...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. The recognition of the problem led to a worldwide effort to reduce transmission of HBV through routine infant vaccination. HBV infection is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. After hepatitis B vaccine era, seroprevalence of hepatits B surface antigen is...

hepatitis b vaccination is safe and effective, although breakthrough infection occasionally occurs in those who receive the vaccine and hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig) prophylaxis. sequence variation in their antigenic regions is one of the most powerful strategies that are used by viruses to escape recognition by b and t cell-mediated immune responses. the aim of this study was to explore th...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health problem. The development of a safe and effective vaccinewould help infection prevention. Previous hepatitis B vaccine production involved the isolation of the noninfectious particle from chronic HBV carriers. DNA recombinant technology has been used for vaccineproduction without having been contaminated with blood-born infectious ag...

Background As per the vaccine management policy of the Government of India all vaccine vials opened for an immunization session were discarded at the end of that session, irrespective of the type of vaccine or the number of doses remaining in the vial prior to 2013. Subsequently, open vial policy (OVP) was introduced in 2013 and should reduce both vaccine wastage as well as governmental healthc...