Radon is a natural radioactive gas produced by the decay of uranium and thorium, which are present in all rocks and soils in small quantities. There are several isotopes of radon, the most important of which are 222Rn (produced from 238U) and 220Rn (produced from thorium). 220Rn is also known as thoron because of its parent radionuclide. In the United Kingdom, it has been shown that 220Rn deliv...

INTRODUCTION Internalized HIV stigma is a key risk factor for negative outcomes amongst adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV), including non-adherence to anti-retroviral treatment, loss-to-follow-up and morbidity. This study tested a theoretical model of multi-level risk pathways to internalized HIV stigma among South African ALHIV. METHODS From 2013 to 2015, a survey using total population sam...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of the internalized stigmatization on bipolar disorder (BD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 100 BD patients that provided written informed consent to participate. Diagnosis of the BD patients that were in remission and receiving outpatient treatment was performed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I D...

LOW density lipoprotein (LDL) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) bind to receptors on the surface of human fibroblasts and are internalized in coated vesicles. Each of the ligands has been studied separately by electron microscopy in human fibroblasts using ferritin-LDL as one visual probe and 1251-EGF as a second visual probe. A mutant strain of human fibroblasts (J.D.) has been described in wh...

BACKGROUND Mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization are of much interest. For plant and bacterial A-B toxins, A chain mediates toxicity and B chain binds target cells. It is generally accepted and taught that antibody (Ab) neutralizes by preventing toxin binding to cells. Yet for some toxins, ricin included, anti-A chain Abs afford greater protection than anti-B. The mechanism(s) whereby ...

The conjugation of anti-cancer drugs to endogenous ligands has proven to be an effective strategy to enhance their pharmacological selectivity and delivery towards neoplasic tissues. Since cell proliferation has a strong requirement for iron, cancer cells express high levels of transferrin receptors (TfnR), making its ligand, transferrin (Tfn), of great interest as a delivery agent for therapeu...

We previously used directed evolution in human airway epithelia to create adeno-associated virus 2.5T (AAV2.5T), a highly infectious chimera of AAV2 and AAV5 with one point mutation (A581T). We hypothesized that the mechanism for its increased infection may be a higher binding affinity to the surface of airway epithelia than its parent AAV5. Here, we show that, like AAV5, AAV2.5T, uses 2,3N-lin...