Debonding of films attached to substrates as well as fibers embedded in matrices typically involves initiation, steady-state propagation and a final transient as the debond converges on an edge or another debond. The emphasis in this paper is on the mechanics of the transient. Under most circumstances, a converging debond crack is characterized by an energy release rate that approaches zero, ca...

introduction: the effect of dust on human health has been confirmed according to the geographical location of iran and the existence of this phenomenon in most provinces, particularly the western and southern provinces. this review discusses the role of proper nutrition in reducing the harmful effects of dust on human health. methods: in this systematic review, the published articles were found...

Premature pubarche (PP) in girls is considered to be a benign phenomenon and is the clinical expression of premature adrenarche. Since it does not usually increase the risk of either abnormalities in pubertal development or a reduced final adult height, a non-interventional approach is generally adopted after exclusion of non-classical (NC)congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Extremely prematu...

A leading hypothesis for the evolutionary function of sex postulates that sex is an adaptation that purges deleterious mutations from the genome, thereby increasing the equilibrium mean fitness of a sexual population relative to its asexual competitor. This hypothesis requires two necessary conditions: first, the mutation rate per genome must be of order one, and, second, multiple mutations wit...

Cell-to cell communication occurs via a signaling pathway referred to as quorum sensing. There are four main types of these systems according to the chemical nature of signal molecules used by microorganisms to elicit expression of target genes in response to environmental stimuli or need of microbial communities. Type I system acts by using acyl homoserine lactones as signals to trigger the ex...

Section 12 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 as amended by the Gender Recognition Act 2004 requires transgender people to disclose their ‘gender history’ to the other party to a marriage prior to the marriage ceremony.Failure to do so enables the other party to exit the relationship through nullity proceedings.This article argues that this provision is discriminatory and encroaches on the righ...