1 Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-6160, USA 2 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK 3 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14–901, Wellington, New Zealand 4 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK 5 McGill University...

A very effective spirocyclization procedure for installing nucleophiles (Nu = N(3), NO(2), SCN, SO(2)Tol, and halogens) via iodonium(III) salts has been developed using the combination of iodoarene and mCPBA. The high-yielding syntheses of the cyclohexadienone-type spirocyclic compounds 2 having varied functionalities in the skeletons have been achieved from the aryl alkynes 1 with the optimize...

The role played by inorganic chemical additives in fire retardancy and flame inhibition is considered. Particular attention is given to the molecular level aspects of commercially important systems containing compounds of antimony, halogens, and phosphorus. The flame inhibiting function of metal containing additives is also discussed.

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10 to 10 bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T = 1760 K, P = 0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abunda...