The lack of a large annotated systemic functional grammar (SFG) corpus has posed a significant challenge for the development of the theory. Automating SFG annotation is challenging because the theory uses a minimal constituency model, allocating as much of the work as possible to a set of hierarchically organised features. In this paper we show that despite the unorthodox organisation of SFG, a...

A new computational scheme is presented for calculation of sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra, based on the exciton model for OH bonds. The scheme is applied to unified analysis of the SFG spectra in the OH-stretch region of the surfaces of ice, liquid water, and acid solution. A significant role of intermolecularly coupled collective modes is pointed out. SFG intensity amplification observ...

Ticks were collected from ruminants in various areas of Sudan in 1998 and 2000. Primer pairs of rickettsial citrate synthase gene (gltA) and a spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsial 190-kDa surface antigen gene (rompA), respectively, were used for identification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive products were used for DNA sequencing. The gltA gene was detected in 55% of the ticks examine...

We report on the highly efficient generation of widely tunable femtosecond pulses based on intracavity second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG) in a MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO(3) optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which is pumped by a Yb-doped large-mode-area photonics crystal fiber femtosecond laser. Red and near infrared from intracavity SHG and SFG and in...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could become the next generation antibiotic compounds which can overcome bacterial resistance by disrupting cell membranes and it is essential to determine the factors underlying its mechanism of action. Although high-resolution NMR and other biological studies have provided valuable insights, it has been a major challenge to follow the AMP-membrane interactions at...

The power of combining sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy to quantify, with site specificity and atomic resolution, the orientation and dynamics of side chains in synthetic model peptides adsorbed onto polystyrene (PS) surfaces is demonstrated in this study. Although isotopic labeling has long been used in ssNM...

This article uses a new data structure namely System Flow Graph (SFG) that offers a compact representation of information dissemination induced by an execution of an application to characterize malicious application behavior and lead some experiments on 4 malware families DroidKungFu1, DroidKungFu2, jSMSHider, BadNews. We show how SFG are relevant to exhibit malware behavior.

Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) has become a very promising technique for the study of proteins at interfaces, and it has been applied to important systems such as anti-microbial peptides, ion channel proteins, and human islet amyloid polypeptide. Moreover, so-called "chiral" SFG techniques, which rely on polarization combinations that generate strong signals primarily for chiral mol...

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation into the coupling of C-O stretch vibrations of CO molecules adsorbed on Ru~001!. We employ surface infrared-visible ~IR-VIS! ~IV! and infrared-infraredvisible ~IR-IR-VIS! ~IIV! sum-frequency generation ~SFG! ~IV-SFG and IIV-SFG, respectively! to investigate the effects of the intermolecular coupling through the nonlinear optical response ...

The robustness of the Internet today depends upon the end-to-end congestion control mechanisms of TCP. As use of non-TCP applications such as streaming media and network games grows, the potential for unfair network resource allocation and the threat of congestion collapse increase. The Internet needs a practical solution to protect well-behaving flows from misbehaving flows and avoid collapse....