We raised neutralizing antibodies against Pasteurella multocida (PM) in the serum of rabbits and used these antibodies as immunotherapy in PM-infected rabbits. For this purpose five rabbits were vaccinated three times at 21 days interval, using formalized oil base haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine (OBHSV). A high titer (256 IHA units) of anti-Pasteurella multocida-antibodies in blood serum was d...

Identification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is important to understand the bacteria structure and function, host-pathogen interaction, development of novel vaccine candidates, and diagnostic antigens. But till now the key antigens of P. multocida B:2 isolate causing haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) in animals are not clearly defined. In this study, P52 strain of P. multocida serotype B:2 was ...

This paper presents the results of a study conducted in a pastoral community in Kenya using participatory appraisal approaches. The objective of the study was to assess the socio-economic impact of camel trypanosomosis (surra) according to the perceptions of the pastoralists. Four livestock grazing units were conveniently selected and in each of them, three groups of key informants comprising f...

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an endemic disease in most countries of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Within the Asian Region, countries can be classified into three categories, on the basis of incidence and distribution of the disease; these are respectively countries where the disease is endemic or sporadic, clinically suspected but not confirmed, or free. Economic losses due to HS are not on...

Abstract T‐helper cells express CD4 as a co‐receptor that binds to major histocompatibility complex class II synchronize the immune response against upcoming threats via mediating several cytokines. We have previously reported presence of homologues in brown trout. The study cellular responses trout is limited by availability specific antibodies. here describe generation polyclonal antibody CD4...