The authors declare no conflict of interest. The caries-controlling or preventing effect of xylitol is more than just excluding fermentable sugars from the diet. This review aims to discuss the specific effects of xylitol which could have contributed to the results of the caries trials. Xylitol promotes mineralization by increasing the flow of saliva, an effect it has in common with all sweeten...

Dietary induced obesity in rodents is associated with a resistance to leptin. We have investigated the hypothesis that dietary fat per se alters the feeding response to peripheral leptin in rats that were fed either their habitual high- or low-fat diet or were naively exposed to the alternative diet. Osborne-Mendel rats were adapted to either high- or low-fat diet. Food-deprived rats were given...

Excess body weight and associated dyslipidemia in children adolescents are the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases young adults. There is a reasonable need to develop an effective lifestyle modification program that includes various dietary therapies. A low-glycemic index (GI) diet may be recommended treatment of obesity. Its use also recognized as diseases, including dyslipidemia. Th...

Dental caries is an infectious disease involving all age groups. Adolescence is a period in which the risk for dental caries remains especially high. Many factors, some unique to the teenage years, contribute to the initiation and progression of dental caries in this age group. One factor with the potential for being significant is the adolescent diet, especially the high consumption of sugars....

It is now widely accepted that obesity develops by way of genetic mechanisms conferring specific dispositions which interact with strong environmental pressures. It is also accepted that certain dispositions constitute metabolic risk factors for weight gain. It is less well accepted that certain patterns of behaviour (arising from biological demands or environmental influences) put individuals ...

Previous experiments have shown that differences between humans in the response of serum cholesterol to dietary cholesterol are at least partly reproducible and stable over a prolonged period. In this study it was investigated whether enhanced sensitivity to dietary cholesterol and saturated fat go together. The subjects had also participated in three or four experiments dealing with the reprod...

CONTEXT Caffeine acutely increases blood pressure, but the association between habitual consumption of caffeinated beverages and incident hypertension is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between caffeine intake and incident hypertension in women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study conducted in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) I and II of 155,594 US wo...

BACKGROUND Whole-grain (WG) foods have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but studies are inconsistent and effects on cardiovascular risk markers are not clear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the impact of increasing WG consumption to at least 80 g/d on overall dietary intake, body composition, blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, blood glucose, ga...

We estimate nutrient intake from diet and total sources including dietary supplements (DS), quality of low-income U.S. older adults (60+ years) using the 2007–2016 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. apply Cancer Institute method to determine usual/habitual distributions. Our results reveal that have poor quality. DS use reduces risk inadequacy but is not associated with statistically...