Three factors significantly influence profit repatriations by U.S. multinational firms: tax considerations, domestic financing and investment needs, and agency problems inside firms. Dividend repatriations are surprisingly persistent and resemble dividend payments to external shareholders. Tax considerations are influential but not decisive. Affiliates whose organizational forms carry differing...

This paper develops and applies a simple framework for measuring the incidence of the corporate tax. This framework offers an empirical approach that jointly analyzes the degree to which owners of capital and workers share the burdens of corporate income taxes with the restriction that the overall burden is ultimately shared between them. Data on the foreign activities of American multinational...

This paper examines the tax structures of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries by focusing on the quality of governance and demographic changes as two influential factors in region’s economies. The objective of is to determine whether these factors can explain the variation in the tax structures of these countries. Results from regressions on the MENA countries and the ones based o...

Bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin modules are protein-protein complexes whose functions are finely tuned by rapidly changing environmental conditions. E. coli toxin YafQ is suppressed under steady state growth conditions by virtue of its interaction with its cognate antitoxin, DinJ. During stress, DinJ is proteolytically degraded and free YafQ halts translation by degrading ribosome-bound mRNA ...

Sambandam, Nandakumar, Dominique Morabito, Cory Wagg, Brian N. Finck, Daniel P. Kelly, and Gary D. Lopaschuk. Chronic activation of PPAR is detrimental to cardiac recovery after ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H87–H95, 2006. First published September 9, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00285.2005.— High fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the m...

We hypothesize that aggregation of thermoalkalophilic lipases could be a thermostability mechanism. The conserved tryptophans (W211, W234) in the lid are of particular interest owing to their previous involvements in aggregation and thermostability mechanisms in many other proteins. The thermoalkalophilic lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus (BTL2) and its mutants (W211A, W234A) were expresse...

Using a 30-year panel of quarterly GDP fluctuations from of a broad set of countries, we demonstrate that the signing of a bilateral tax treaty increases the comovement of treaty partners’ business cycles by 1/2 a standard deviation. This effect of fiscal policy is as large as the effect of trade linkages on comovement, and stronger than the effects of several other common financial and investm...

BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), a component of HIF-1, is expressed in human tumors and renders cells able to survive and grow under hypoxic (low-oxygen) conditions. YC-1, 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole, an agent developed for circulatory disorders that inhibits platelet aggregation and vascular contraction, inhibits HIF-1 activity in vitro. We tested wh...

This paper examines the effect of value-added taxes (VATs) on international trade. Destination-based VATs are commonly thought to encourage exports, since exports are exempt from tax while imports are taxed. Economic theory implies that exchange rate adjustment prevents destination-based VATs from affecting exports and imports, since exchange rate appreciation completely undoes the effects of i...

Sambandam, Nandakumar, Dominique Morabito, Cory Wagg, Brian N. Finck, Daniel P. Kelly, and Gary D. Lopaschuk. Chronic activation of PPAR is detrimental to cardiac recovery after ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H87–H95, 2006. First published September 9, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00285.2005.— High fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the m...