PURPOSE To develop and test a clinical case definition for identification of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) by community-based health care providers. METHODS To identify symptoms that can help identify GTCSs, patients with history of a jerky movements or rigidity in any part of the body ever in life were recruited from three sites: the community, secondary care hospital, and tertia...

In this study, we investigated the human brain functional network of patients with generalized tonic and clonic seizure (GTCS) epilepsy by using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and complex network theory. Adjacency matrices of the networks of GTCS group and normal control group were constructed by the method of Pearson correlation coefficient. A intra-group analys...

A 65 year old man, with no past history of epilepsy or seizures and of weight 80kg, is admitted with sepsis. After a 5 minute generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) he is given 2mg of intravenous lorazepam. After multiple brief GTCS he is given a further 2 mg of intravenous lorazepam. He becomes obtunded. After a further 10 minutes when he has developed subtle left facial twitching, 1 g of phe...

We administered perampanel (PER) to a bedridden 13-year-old male patient with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). The DRPLA diagnosis was based on the presence of a CAG trinucleotide repeat in the ATN1 gene. The patient experienced continuous myoclonic seizures and weekly generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs). PER stopped the patient's myoclonic seizures and reduced the GTCs to fra...

Objective: The objective is to shed light on the prescribing pattern of levetiracetam, a newer antiepileptic drug, in treatment different types epilepsy. Methods: A record-based cross-sectional study epilepsy patients who reported Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit Department Pharmacology, Regional Institute Medical Sciences, Manipur, was conducted. Case records receiving levetiracetam and report...

Effects of microinjections of a single 2 or 10 nmol dose of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the unilateral mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) on behavior and electroencephalogram were examined in rats (n=18) during a 15 min period (Exp. 1), and subsequent effects of sound stimulation with key jingling applied at 15, 30, and 45 min after the injections were observed (Exp. 2). The microinje...

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency, nature, and risk factors associated with physical injuries in patients with epilepsy. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, patients 18years of age and older with active epilepsy for at least 1year were included. A questionnaire (including age, gender, education, type of epilepsy, seizure frequency, having aura, drug compliance, polypharmacy, comor...

This paper explores a financial role of Japanese general trading companies (GTCs), which act as a central point in a distribution network among group firms. I examine Meltzer’s conjecture, which holds that financially strong companies like GTCs increase trade receivables and reduce trade payables to shield their trading partners from a monetary squeeze. First, I investigate the trade credit gra...

Objective: Agmatine is an endogenous cationic amin and have been reported several neurotherapeutic effects through α2-adrenoceptors, imidazoline binding sites, inhibition of NMDA receptors nitric oxide (NO) synthase. NO was to act as a neuromodulator neurotransmitter in central nervous system has proconvulsant/anticonvulsant activities convulsion models. We aimed compare the anticonvulsant agma...

OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remains undetermined. Seizures are accompanied by respiratory dysfunction (RD). Postictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES) may follow generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). Following GTCS patients have impaired arousal and may be motionless. Patients with SUDEP are usually prone. Postictal...