Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is a transport system that is involved in the elimination of xenobiotics and biologically active endogenous substrates. Recently, the presence of MRP has been demonstrated in cultured brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). The time-dependent, functional expression of MRP in porcine BCECs was investigated to assess the value of this cell culture ...

for half a century, the limitations of obtaining cross-combinations in lilies because of the incompatibility and incongruity between different varieties have been known. somatic hybridization is one of the most powerful tools for achieving distant interspecific hybrids. for this purpose, protoplast preparation is a first and important step in efficient system for the regeneration of plants from...

background: cellulytic enzymes including carboxymethyl cellulases play the key role in hydrolysis of cellulose, a huge organic carbon reservoir on earth, into monomeric sugars and their eventual conversion into valuable chemicals and energy sources. objectives: in this study, we described the identification of a basidiomycete isolate ndvn01 and optimization of culture conditions and medium comp...

development of modern economy without private sector and high vigilance entrepreneurs is vital to identify opportunities and use of opportunities around the world. in this regard, identifying the influencing factors on emergence and development of entrepreneurship culture can be effective to promote entrepreneurship in our country. for this purpose, the main issue in this study is to identify t...

Antiproliferative properties of lipids extracted from grain sorghum (GS) dry distiller's grain (DDG) were analyzed to determine the feasibility of developing GS coproducts as a source for human health dietary ingredients. The lipid extract of GS-DDG was delivered to human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells by solubilizing 0-1000 microg/mL of GS-DDG lipids in 100 microg/mL increments with micelles. ...

Two cell lines (McCoy and MDCK) were studied in an attempt to understand the metabolic changes associated with adaptation to glutamine-free medium (GMEM + gmate). McCoy cells assumed normal growth rates after 2-3 passages in this medium whereas MDCK cells showed no growth in GMEM + gmate. The glutamine synthetase (GS) activity of both cell lines was elevated (up to x 9) as glutamine was deplete...

In vivo control of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was studied. The enzyme was partially purified from cells grown photosynthetically in ammonium-malate-medium. Its catalytic properties were characteristically changed by incubation with phosphodiesterase indicating an in vivo regulation by adenylylation/ deadenylylation. Adenylyla...

Distinct morphological characteristics of magnetite formed intracellularly by magnetic bacteria (magnetosome) are invoked as compelling evidence for biological activity on Earth and possibly on Mars. Crystals of magnetite produced extracellularly by a variety of bacteria including Geobacter metallireducens GS-15, thermophilic bacteria, and psychrotolerant bacteria are, however, traditionally no...

Adverse effects induced by HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are a significant factor in limiting their clinical success. PIs directly contribute to peripheral insulin resistance and alterations in lipid metabolism. GS-8374 is a novel PI with potent antiretroviral activity and a favorable resistance profile. Here we report on the potential of GS-8374 to adversely affect glucose and lipid homeostasi...

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a glucocorticoid-inducible enzyme that has a key role for glutamate metabolism in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this study GS activity was measured and the amount of immunoreactive GS (ir-GS) cells in the rat anterior pituitary gland was quantified as a function of age. In addition, the effects of GS inhibitors, glucocorticoid administration, and adr...