Conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) act as danger signals to activate the plant immune response. These molecules are recognized by surface receptors that are referred to as pattern recognition receptors. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), DAMPs released from the plant cell wall homogalacturonan, have also been proposed to act as local...

The neuropeptide bombesin and its mammalian homologue, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), enhance proliferation in some but not all human tumor cell lines. The pathophysiological relevance of the bombesin/GRP receptor (GRP-R), which is expressed in 30% of human colon tumor cell lines and in 24-40% of native tumors, has not been clearly assessed at this time. We studied the effects of bombesin in ...

In the present study, we characterized specific binding of bombesin (BBS)/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) to mouse colon cancer (MC-26) cells. MC-26 cells were inoculated into male BALB/c mice subdermally, and tumors were harvested from mice 21-28 days postinoculation. Tumor membranes were analyzed for binding to GRP-related peptides, using either '"I-GRP or 12*l-tyrosine4-BBS. Under optimal bi...

The mechanisms regulating receptor internalization are not well understood and vary among different G protein-coupled receptors. The bombesin (Bn)/gastrin-releasing peptide receptor GRP-R, which is coupled to phospholipase C via the Gq family of transducing proteins, is internalized rapidly after Bn binding. Agonist stimulation leads to rapid receptor phosphorylation, as does activation of prot...

The mammalian bombesin receptor family comprises three G protein-coupled heptahelical receptors: the neuromedin B (NMB) receptor (BB(1)), the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (BB(2)), and the orphan receptor bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) (BB(3)). Each receptor is widely distributed, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and central nervous system (CNS), and the receptors h...

Recently, it was reported that bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) have mitogenic effects on some human breast cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the effects of bombesin/GRP and its receptor antagonist (RC-3095) on the proliferation of three breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 MIII, and MCF-7. Stimulation by bombesin and inhibition by RC-3095 of cell growth were foun...

Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 kDa alters the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. We conducted experiments to study the regulation of expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat shock-treated T47-D cells, a human breast cancer cell line that expresses estrogen receptors. Cells exposed to heat shock at 44 degreesC displayed increased expression of heat shock p...

The homology screening approach has been used to clone a new member of the guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-coupled receptor superfamily from guinea pig uterus. The cloned cDNA encodes a 399-amino-acid protein and shows the highest amino acid similarity to members of the bombesin receptor family; 52% and 47% similarity to the gastrin-releasing-peptide (GRP) receptor and the neuromedin-B recep...

Neuropeptides and their receptors may play a role in the growth and/or differentiation of fetal brain transplants. Previously, we found that gas-trin releasing peptide (GRP) receptors develop on fetal cortex grafts transplanted into the adult rat cortex, spinal cord or 4th ventricle/1,2/. Here we investigated the presence of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in rat fetal brain trans...