The term zone of proximal development is probably one of the most widely recognized and wellknown ideas associated with Vygotsky’s scientific legacy. This famous concept is more precise and elaborated than its common reception or interpretation (Chaiklin, 2003, p. 39). It could be viewed in a narrow context, i.e. within the concrete problem of relations between learning and development. But to ...

Intelligent tutoring systems offer a way for schools to meet the challenges of providing effective instruction to students with a diverse range of abilities, interests and needs [Self, 1999]. AnimalWatch is a computer-based tutor that uses artificial intelligence techniques to provide individualized math instruction for 9-12 year olds. Math word problems are integrated into narratives about end...

By Nada Dabbagh Scaffolding is originally a Vygotskyan (Lev Vygotsky, 1896-1934) concept based on the idea of providing supportive assistance to the learner within the parameters of a learner’s zone of proximal development (Zo-ped or ZPD) (Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). ZPD is a measure of a learner’s current ability and knowledge what he/she is able to perform with no assistance and the learner’...

The tropospheric model is the key in space geodetic techniques such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). In this paper, we established site-wise empirical Wuhan University Tropospheric Model (WTM) by using 10-year (2011–2020) monthly mean 5-year (2016–2020) hourly ERA5 reanalysis data, where Zenith Path Delay (ZPD), mapping function, horizo...

this investigation postulatesvygotsky’s (1978) concept of zone of proximal development (zpd) and his related “scaffolding” metaphor as well as norton’s (2006) principles of sociocultural identity as its theoretical foundation.thisresearchintends to scrutinizethe socioculturally-oriented mediationalmechanisms utilized in student-student and student-teacher collaborationsin an iranian efl writing...

introduction: the term dynamic assessment (da) refers to an assessment, by an active teaching process, of a child's perception, learning, thinking, and problem solving. the process is aimed at modifying an individual's cognitive functioning and observing subsequent changes in learning and problem-solving patterns within the testing situation. da has been advocated as an alternative an...

This study investigated the comparative effects of audio-visually prompted collaborative dialogue on the listening comprehension development of symmetrical, asymmetrical, and asymmetrical teacher-fronted EFL learner groups. Besides, it explored the attitude of the participants of the groups concerning the effectiveness of collaborative dialogue for their listening comprehension improvement. The...

This study investigates the effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous peer interaction on the development of Iranian EFL learners’ writing skill. Sixty female students of TEFL participated in the study. The participants were divided into two groups based on their English proficiency test scores. The homogeneous group consisted of 14 participants paired with partners with similar English proficien...