in this study reference as one of the five cohesive devices in the achievement of textuality in english and persian narrative/descripitive written texts is focused on and analysed . to do so , the theoretical framework elaborated by halliday and hasan (1976) and its version adapted by the writer to match the sub-types of reference in farsi are applied to the analysis of reference in english and...

‏‎in this research,the authors conducted a study comparing two groups of male and female english language learners studying in a elt institute,in terms of their performance on their achievement test including listening comprehension,vocabulary,grammar,and reading comprehension and found no significant difference between the group except in listening comprehension part of the test in which the f...

    Background : Hospitalization is a fear producing even in children and their families. There are many ways to reduce the fear of hospitalized children, one of which is play, but it's effect is not longstanding.   Objective : To determine the effect of play on the fear of hospitalized children.   Design : This study was a randomized clinical trial with control group. At the beginning of trial...

abstract the present study tried to investigate the effect of visual aids (films) on the development of the speech act of disagreement among iranian efl intermediate learners. to this end, the researcher selected 40 homogeneous intermediate learners based on their scores on oxford placement test. .the subjects then divided into control group and experimental group. both classes were tested by ...

Objective Intellectual disability is a common neurodevelopmental disorder which leads to lower social activities, skills and life quality. It seems that play therapy could improve social skills of students with intellectual disability. Play is one of the important methods for social skills training to students with intellectual disability. Group play therapy enhances social skills like leadersh...

‏‎this study investigated the effect of prior knowledge on the listening comprehension performance of fl learners. twenty students, male and female, drawn from the two intact groups of the senior and junior english language and literature majors were chosen as the participants of this study . the two groups were then randomly assigned into the experimental and control group. the experimental gr...