It has been just five years since gray-scale ultrasound (U/S) became clinically available. Yet the day-to-day importance of U/S in general medicine and surgerynot just the traditional areas of ob/gyn and echocardiography-would be hard to overestimate. Because U/S is so new, however, there are still many clinicians who are ill at ease with those funny fuzzy speckled images, so different from the...

Background: Jaw bone quality plays an essential role in treatment planning and prognosis of dental implants. Regarding several available methods for bone density measurements, they are not routinely used before implant surgery due to hard accessibility.Objective: An in vitro investigation of correlation between average gray scale in direct digital radiographs and Hounsfield units in CT-Scan pro...

In quantum gray-scale image processing, the storage in quantum states is the color information and the position information According to the advantage of small range of the gray scale in a gray-scale image, a novel storage expression of quantum gray-scale image is proposed and demonstrated in this study. Besides, a new concept of "quantum pointer" is put forward based on the expression. Quantum...

Tomographic reconstructions, which are generally gray-scale images, are often segmented as to extract quantitative information, such as the shape or volume of image objects. At present, segmentation is usually performed by thresholding. However, the process of threshold selection is somewhat arbitrary and requires human interaction. In this paper, we present an algorithmic approach for automati...

bstract. We develop a method for automatic colorization of imges (or two-dimensional fields) in order to visualize pixel values nd their local differences. In many applications, local differences in ixel values are as important as their values. For example, in topogaphy, both elevation and slope often must be considered. Gradientased value mapping (GBVM) is a technique for colorizing pixels ase...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine whether hypnosis can modulate color perception. Such evidence would provide insight into the nature of hypnosis and its underlying mechanisms. METHOD Eight highly hypnotizable subjects were asked to see a color pattern in color, a similar gray-scale pattern in color, the color pattern as gray scale, and the gray-scale pattern as gray scale during...

The problem of optimal mapping of multi-level gray scale images to a coarser gray scale is formulated and explored. A distance between images having different intensity ranges is introduced. Minimization of such a distance can be viewed as least squares approximation of a source high range image by the best target image with a given number of levels of gray. Following S.Lloyd [1], we proved tha...

Due to growth of Internet and multimedia technologies in today's life, it made easy to copy and distribution of any document without any owner's consent. Watermarking is a process of concealing the digital information in a document for providing the ownership on his/her document. To increase security of ownership of a document and to improve quality of indistinguishable watermarked im...