Observations are compared to conflicting predictions about self gravitational structure formation by the hydro-gravitational theory (HGT) of Gibson 19962003 versus cold dark matter hierarchical clustering cosmology (CDMHCC) and the Jeans 1902 criterion. According to HGT, gravitational structures form immediately by fragmentation after mass-energy equality at 30,000 years when viscous and weak t...

Why does F equal ma in Newton's equation of motion? How does a gravitational field produce a force? Why are inertial mass and gravitational mass the same? It appears that all three of these seemingly axiomatic foundational questions have an answer involving an identical physical process: interaction between the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and the fundamental charged particles (quarks and ele...

The gravitational force on antimatter has never been directly measured, largely because electromagnetic forces overwhelm gravitational forces and no form of low-energy neutral antimatter has been available. However, the technology to make low-energy antihydrogen is currently being developed. We have designed an atomic interferometer that can measure the force of gravity on hydrogen or antihydro...

Small total chirality in the gravitational terms originates from the cancellation of the large rightand left-handed helicity elements. Therefore, the external potential energy for gravity can be very small but finite values, and the distortion of the spacetime axes can occur. That is, gravitational field can originate from the fluctuation of the electromagnetic fields because of the slight pola...

We study steep capillary-gravity waves that form at the interface between two stably stratified layers of immiscible liquids in a horizontally oscillating vessel. The oscillatory nature of the external forcing prevents the waves from overturning, and thus enables the development of steep waves at large forcing. They arise through a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, characterized by the squar...

[1] We present the results of new laboratory experiments that provide constraints on inter bubble film thinning and bubble coalescence as a consequence of liquid expulsion by gravitational and capillary forces. To ensure dynamic similarity to magmatic systems, the experiments are at small Reynolds numbers Re 1 ð Þ and cover a wide range of Bond numbers (10 3 Bo 10). Results indicate that at Bo<...

We consider the problem of gravitational forces between point particles on the branes in a Randall-Sundrum (R-S) two brane model with S 1 /Z 2 symmetry. Matter is assumed to produce a perturbation to the R-S vacuum metric and all the 5D Einstein equations are solved to linearized order (for arbitrary matter on both branes). We show that while the gauge condition h i5 = 0, i = 0, 1, 2, 3 can alw...

The precise measurement of forces is one way to obtain deep insight into the fundamental interactions present in nature. In the context of neutral antimatter, the gravitational interaction is of high interest, potentially revealing new forces that violate the weak equivalence principle. Here we report on a successful extension of a tool from atom optics--the moiré deflectometer--for a measureme...