[1] In this work we combine existing ideas on gravel and sand entrainment into a simulation model for flows that flush sand from the surface and subsurface of a gravel riverbed. A flume experiment is conducted to provide a test of the flushing model. The primary advance represented in this paper is incorporation of a two-fraction entrainment approach into a routing model to account for the effe...

Bed elevation, feature adjustments, and spawning use were monitored at three Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) spawning habitat rehabilitation sites to measure project longevity in a regulated river. Sites enhanced with 649–1323 m of gravel lost from 3–20% of remaining gravel volume annually during controlled flows of 8–70 m/s and 2.6–4.6% of placed material during a short-duration (19...

Analysis of frozen cores of chum salmon egg pockets collected in the fall revealed that spawning activity purged about 75% of the fine sediments Corn the stream bed. The egg pocket was one of four distinct vertical strata detected in the cores. There was an undisturbed layer below the egg pocket and cover and bridge strata above the egg pocket, defined by their particle size distributions. Howe...

Several years ago I was walking along a farm-road close to Piltdown Common, Fletching (Sussex), when I noticed that the road had been mended with some peculiar brown flints not usual in the district. On enquiry I was astonished to learn that they were dug from a gravel-bed on the farm, and shortly afterwards I visited the place where two labourers were at work digging the gravel for small repai...

During waning flood flows in gravel-bed streams, finegrained bedload sediment (sand and fine gravel) is commonly winnowed from zones of high shear stress, such as riffles, and deposited in pools, where it mantles an underlying coarse layer. As sediment load increases, more fine sediment becomes available to fill pools. The volume of fine sediment in pools can be measured by probing with a metal...

Biologically active, fine-grained sediment forms abundant sedimentary deposits on Earth's surface, and mixed mud-sand dominates many coasts, deltas, and estuaries. Our predictions of sediment transport and bed roughness in these environments presently rely on empirically based bed form predictors that are based exclusively on biologically inactive cohesionless silt, sand, and gravel. This appro...