Although breast tuberculosis still remains rare, but in endemic countries should be in differential diagnosis of breast cancer and abscess. Imaging modalities cannot distinguish between cancer and tuberculosis. Acid fast bacilli stain; culture and PCR are helpful diagnostic methods but unfortunately are not very sensitive. Negative results do not rule out this diagnosis, so it seems definite di...

introduction: invasive fungal sinusitis, though considered to be rare entity, is nowadays frequently encountered, not only in immunocompromised patients but also in immunocompetent patients. the changing prevalence towards immunocompetent hosts is due to the indiscriminate usage of broad spectrum antibiotics, steroids, and immunosuppressive drugs. diagnosing invasive fungal sinusitis should not...

background and purpose: chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is an inherited disorder of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase complex. this disorder results in recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. aspergillus species are the most common fungal infections in these patients. case report: herein, we present a case of fungal infection in a girl with ...

introduction granulomatous epididymo-orchitis is a rare complication of brucellosis that usually appears in patients with antecedent brucella infection. case presentation the current study reports an 18-year-old man with acute epididymo-orchitis. in this case, an anti-brucella treatment was started based on epidemiological history and clinical findings, but the final diagnosis was established o...

Haemostatic and isolating materials may cause local reactions as a foreign body. The case presented here of intracranial granulomatous lesion pertains to a patient operated in two stages due to a huge meningioma. During the first operation the tumour was partially removed. Because of persistent intraoperative haemorrhage haemostatic flakes of Oxycel and Spongostan were applied locally. In order...

We report a 36-year-old woman, presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and low-grade fever. Two fine needle aspiration cytology and one excisional biopsy were performed in the referral hospital, all showed granulomatous lesions without necrosis. A tentative diagnosis of tuberculosis was made, and she started on antituberculous treatment. However, there was no clinical improvement. She presented...

BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Recent studies suggest that NADPH oxidase may be a source of ROS during IR. Using an in vivo model of endothelial IR injury in the arm, we compared the response to IR in healthy volunteers with that in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. These patients have a molecular lesio...