Graft rejection is a manifestation of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY (CMI), as can be demonstrated by adoptive transfer experiments; antibodies generally contribute little to the rejection of grafted tissues. Simple rules predict the acceptance or rejection of alloografts between inbred mice. Although these specific rules are not valid in humans (or other outbred populations), a common fundamental prin...

Graft rejection frequencies in a population of the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox are reported in relation ta the complexity of the histocompatibility system in this species. The frequency of graft acceptance is high but we show that, despite assumptions in the literature to the contrary, this does not imply that sponges accepting each other’s grafts are genetically identical. This paper reports that...

Transplantation of solid organs is the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage organ diseases. In the absence of pharmacological immunosuppression, recognition of foreign (allogeneic) histocompatibility proteins expressedondonorcellsby therecipient’s immunesystem results in rejection of the transplanted tissue(s). One-year renal transplant survival is now routinely over 90% in most...

nuclear medicine imaging is routinely used for evaluation of perfusion and function of the transplanted kidneys. at present, the radiopharmaceutical of choice for this study in our center is tc 99m-ec. complications of the kidney graft are demonstrable in the early and delayed images. one of these complications is vesicoureteral reflux to the graft or to the native kidneys. we present a 27 year...

Immunologic graft rejection is one of the main causes of short and long-term graft failure in corneal transplantation. Steroids are the most commonly used immunosuppressive agents for postoperative management and prevention of corneal graft rejection. However, steroids delivered in eye drops are rapidly cleared from the surface of the eye, so the required frequency of dosing for corneal graft r...

PURPOSE To assess the incidence of immunologic corneal graft rejection episodes in a prospective case series of patients treated 4 times a day with topical cyclosporine 0.05%. DESIGN Prospective, single-center, institutional review board-approved study. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-two cornea transplant recipients considered low risk for graft rejection. METHODS Primary indications for transplantat...

Allograft rejection is a complex process, which requires interactions between different cell types and a variety of soluble factors, such as cytokines. In this review we discuss the role of cytokines in the induction and effector phases of the rejection process and in the induction and maintenance of allospecific graft tolerance. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility of clinical graft functio...

There is conclusive evidence that acute bone marrow transplant rejection in lethally irradiated mice is caused by natural killer (NK) cells. The rejection of marrow allografts is exquisitely specific and is controlled by antigenic determinants encoded in or near the H-2 gene complex. The specificity of in vivo marrow graft rejection contrasts with the in vitro specificity pattern of NK cells in...

Transplanted organs fail due to either acute or chronic rejection. The prevailing view is that the nature or magnitude of the recipient's immune response to donor Ags determines the type of rejection. In variance with this view, we show in this study that the status of the graft itself plays a dominant role in defining the type of rejection even in the face of an established alloimmune response...

Corneal transplantation is among the most successful solid organ transplants. However, despite low rejection rates of grafts in the 'low-risk' setting, rejection can be as high as 70% when grafted into 'high-risk' recipient beds. Under normal homeostatic conditions, the avascular cornea provides a unique environment that facilitates immune and angiogenic privilege. An imbalance in pro-inflammat...