One-hundred-fifteen patients thought to have intracranial disease were studied with various two-dimensional short repetition time, partial-flip-angle gradient-echo techniques: at 1.0 T, fast low-angle short (FLASH) at 10 degrees and 30 degrees and fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) at 60 degrees; at 1.5 T, FLASH 10 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees, FISP 60 degrees, and contrast...

Distal forelimb specimens of eight skeletally mature horses were imaged using proton density turbo spin echo, T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo, T2*-weighted gradient echo, short tau inversion recovery and T2-weighted fast spin echo sequences with the limb parallel to the main magnetic field, and with angulation of the limb relative to the main magnetic field. The magic angle effect can be iden...

An MRI sequence is an ordered combination of RF and gradient pulses designed to acquire the data to form the image. In this chapter I will describe the basic gradient echo, spin echo and inversion recovery sequences used in MRI. The data to create an MR image is obtained in a series of steps. First the tissue magnetisation is excited using an RF pulse in the presence of a slice select gradient....

Introduction: There are some routine two-dimensional sequences, including short tau inversion recovery (STIR), T2-weighted fast-spin echo (T2W-FSE), and proton-density fast spin-echo for diagnosing osteoarthritis and lesions of the knee cartilage. However, these sequences have some disadvantages, such as long scan time, inadequate spatial resolution, and suboptimal tis...

The estimation of axon radius provides insights into brain function [1] and could provide progression and classification biomarkers for a number of white matter diseases [2-4]. A recent in silico study [5] has shown that optimised gradient waveforms (GEN) and oscillating gradient waveform spin echo (OGSE) have increased sensitivity to small axon radius compared to pulsed gradient spin echo (PGS...

Abstract The absence of nigral hyperintensity is a promising MR marker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its small size imposes limitations on routine use. Our aim was to compare Multi Echo Data Image Combination (MEDIC), segmented echo-planar imaging (EPISEG) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, as well both magnitude (MAG) susceptibility-weighted (SWI) reconstructions si...