Those who study the role of agriculture in the political economy of development focus on government policy choices on the one hand and the impact of price shocks on the other. We argue that the two should be studied together. We find that civil unrest (Granger) causes government policies, pushing governments in poor and medium income countries to shift relative prices in favor of urban consumer...

fiscal equalization is the process through which a central government makes funds available to lower level governments with the objective of reducing the degree of inequality in the revenues that such governments can raise using their own revenue instruments.’ While the proximate objective is concerned with revenues, the ultimate objective may be to reduce inequalities in public expenditure.2 E...

A. Introduction Intergovernmental fiscal transfers are an important tool of public sector finance in both industrialized and developing countries for three principal reasons. First, central governments have advantages over subnational governments in raising revenue from many types of particularly productive sources, while subnational governments have advantages in providing many types of public...

OBJECTIVE To develop a new method for estimating the cost to governments of enacting public health legislation. METHODS We adopted a central government perspective in estimating costs. The parliamentary cost of legislative acts and regulations in New Zealand was calculated from the proportion of parliamentary time devoted to law-making (i.e. sitting days in the debating chamber), and the cost...

The future of higher education is bound up with questions of costs and benefits. This paper will take an economic perspective on student retention in higher education and will argue that, as students have to contribute more financially to their education, and participation in higher education is broadened to a larger proportion of the age cohort, then student attitudes will be increasingly driv...

....................................................................ii List of Tables.............................................................. v List of Figures............................................................ vi Acknowledgements..........................................................vii 1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION............................................... 1 2. CHAPTER T...

Those who study the role of agriculture in the political economy of development focus on government policy choices on the one hand and the impact of price shocks on the other. We argue that the two should be studied together. We find that civil unrest (Granger) causes government policies, pushing governments in poor and medium income countries to shift relative prices in favor of urban consumer...

After the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan, the local governments of South Korea were left in charge of several large-scale soccer stadiums. Although these governments have made significant efforts toward creating profits from the stadiums, it is proving to be too difficult for several administrations to cover their full operational, maintenance, and conservation costs. In order to ...

America’s local governments spend about one-eighth of our national income, one-fourth of total government spending, and employ over 14 million people. This paper surveys the large and growing economics literature on local governments and their finances. A primary difference between local and national government is the ease of labor mobility within countries, which disciplines local governments ...

We develop an equilibrium job search model in which employees incur commuting costs, and residential relocation is costly. We demonstrate that firms partially compensate workers for the incurred relocation costs to avoid paying compensation for commuting costs when house prices do not fully compensate the commuting costs. Taxing reimbursement of relocation costs at a higher rate than reimbursem...