Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to obtain the optimal amount of expenses of government relating to the protection of property rights (PPRs). To achieve these purposes we have introduced concept of social intelligence with respect to PPRs and then developed different growth model from existing literature. In the second step the optimal share of government spending on the PPRs is calcu...

Human capital is widely recognized as the fundamental basis for a nation's ability to maintain high standard of living. This paper aims evaluate Nepal's human and its impact on poverty reduction. The study utilizes time series data spanning from 1990 2021. To achieve objectives this research, Johansen cointegration, vector error correction model (VECM), Granger causality methods are employed. o...

Using a new dataset of Swiss cantons from 1890 to 2000, we estimate the causal effect of direct democracy on government spending. Our analysis is novel in two ways: first, we use fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity; second, we combine a new instrument with fixed effects to address the potential endogeneity of institutional reform. We find that direct democracy has a constraini...

This article analyses the relationship between government spending and the distribution of private income between capital and labour. While most previous research assumes that government spending redistributes in favour of the less wealthy, I distinguish between types of expenditures that enhance the bargaining position of labour - that is, unemployment benefits, public sector employment and in...

This study aims to analyze whether economic growth in Indonesia is driven by physical or human capital using panel data analysis consisting of all provinces over the last nine years. The estimation results show that Indonesian economy more likely be than capital. formation has a significant positive effect on health. However, education variable represented mean years schooling no when including...

Purpose: Governments rely on taxes, but a high tax rate can slow economic growth. Fiscal policy objectives be achieved most effectively by lowering collection costs and boosting growth through efficient taxation. This study aims to find the impact of revenue Pakistan's growth.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The time series dataset spanning 1985–2021 is used for current analysis. GDP as depe...

In this paper I show that, in economies characterized by tax evasion and endogeneity of government spending, the qualitative characterization of the optimal factor income taxes depends on both these factors. In particular, the well known Chamley Judd result that, in the long run, tax rates on capital income should be zero is, in many cases, overturned. It is shown that the nature of tax evasion...

This paper contributes to the debate about fiscal multipliers by studying the impacts of government investment in conventional dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. The analysis considers two factors that are crucial to understanding the effect of government investment: implementation delays for building public capital projects and future fiscal adjustments to debt-financed spending. T...