In this essay, we describe some important themes in energy and environmental policy. There are two main reasons for our interest in these policies. First, such policies will likely be important in the coming decades as issues related to climate change and energy security come to the fore. Second, there are important lessons to be learned from a careful review of the actual performance of energy...

Background Government policy measures have a key role to play in the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The Caribbean, a middle-income region, has the highest per capita burden of NCDs in the Americas. Our aim was to examine policy development and implementation between the years 2000 and 2013 on NCD prevention and control in Barbados, and to investigate factors promotin...

The ultimate aim of (economic) policy is to enhance social welfare. In an ideal world with perfect competition, no externalities and transaction costs, and with a perfect distribution of property rights, the optimal path of social welfare is reached automatically when all individuals maximise their own welfare. There is no need for coordination by the government since the market mechanism will ...

technological innovation, because of its curtail role in socio-economic development is one of the important aspects of governmental policies. in this article technological innovation is studied by an institutional approach. public policy by applying this approach could use norms, regulations and other institutional measures to improve innovations and technological policy. more specifically in t...

media policy is the major strategies that guide the media in achieving the specific objectives. since the field of media policy area in the country is unknown, purpose of this study is carried out theoretical research in the field of media policy and develops a theoretical framework. theoretically there are two approaches in the field of media policy. the first approach is that the traditional ...

busy for most of the twentieth century. Policy after policy has been tried, rejected, then tried again in an attempt to solve the farm income problem. Ever since the New Deal, we have had price supports for many farm products. Since the Kennedy years, we have added direct payments to the relatively low price supports. All the while, supply control has been a part of most farm bills. None of thi...

In this paper we focus on a continuously deteriorating two units series equipment which its failure can not be measured by cost criterion. For these types of systems avoiding failure during the actual operation of the system is extremely important. In this paper we determine inspection periods and maintenance policy in such a way that failure probability is limited to a pre-specified value and ...

This article addresses policymaking related to Emergency Care Units (ECU) in the State of Rio de Janeiro between 2007 and 2013, duly identifying the relationships between the various levels of government in this process. It prioritized the context of policy formulation, the factors that motivated the inclusion and maintenance of ECUs on the state agenda and the process of how the policy was imp...

BACKGROUND Heightened fiscal constraints, increases in the chronic disease burden and in consumer expectations are among several factors contributing to the global interest in evidence-informed health policy. The present article builds on previous work that explored how the Australian Federal Government applied five instruments of policy, or policy levers, to implement a series of reforms under...

Can industrial policy be market-ensuring (e.g. via antitrust or enforcement of property rights) and market-conforming (non-distorting)? Can it provide a political second-best solution by creating a smaller market distortion to prevent a larger one that results from political ferment? This paper explores issues of the definition of industrial policy, discusses market failure vs. government failu...