Ancient Arabs have recognized metallic and mineral ores, including their fluid inclusions which were still considered as a new scientific fields in the 70’s last century. They discovered metallic ores (gold, silver, copper), in inhabited areas and in delta and river crosses, using different techniques for exploration and exploitation. Metallic industry flourished during the Islamic period, silv...

Biomining is the use of microorganisms to extract metals from sulfide and/or iron-containing ores and mineral concentrates. The iron and sulfide is microbially oxidized to produce ferric iron and sulfuric acid, and these chemicals convert the insoluble sulfides of metals such as copper, nickel and zinc to soluble metal sulfates that can be readily recovered from solution. Although gold is inert...

This article will focus on the alkaline leaching of gold-bearing tetrahedrite concentrate in a solution containing sodium sulfide and hydroxide. selective is followed by heavy waste metals into solution, which may influence physical properties quality desired product, possibly causing environmental toxicity. At same time, amount gold was observed during process to increase its content solid pha...