The gluconate (gnt) operon of Bacillus subtilis consists of four gnt genes; the second and third genes code for gluconate kinase (gluconokinase, EC 2.7.1.12) and gluconate permease, respectively. A fragment carrying the promoter of this operon (gnt promoter) and the first gene (gntR) was subcloned into a promoter probe vector (pPL603B). Repression of the expression of cat-86 gene, encoded in th...

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate gel, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and their combination with iodoform and zinc oxide powder as intracanal medications against select microorganisms, and to measure the pH changes caused by these medications. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. The zones of growth inhi...

A Ca-activated Cl current constitutes a large part of the transduction current in olfactory sensory neurons. The binding of odorants to olfactory receptors in the cilia produces an increase in cAMP concentration, Ca enters into the cilia through CNG channels and activates a Cl current. In intact mouse olfactory sensory neurons little is known about the kinetics of the Caactivated Cl current. He...

Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used in the industrial production of amino acids. We have found that this bacterium grows exponentially on a mineral medium supplemented with gluconate. Gluconate permease and Gluconokinase are expressed in an inducible form and, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, although constitutively expressed, shows a 3-fold higher specific level in gluconate grown cells...

A spontaneously arising regulatory mutant of the gluconate system in Escherichia coli was isolated. This mutant became constitutive, probably in one step, for gluconate high-affinity transport, gluconokinase, and gluconate-6-P dehydrase. The mutation involved (gntR18) is cotransducible with asd. Pseudorevertants, derived from a mutant (M2) that shows a long lag for growth on gluconate mineral m...

Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis, a nonstarter lactic acid bacteria, can cause late gas production and splits cracks in aging cheese when it metabolizes 6-carbon substrates, particularly galactose, to 5-carbon sugar, resulting the release of CO2. Previous studies have not explained no galactose is present. Based on genome sequence Pa. wasatchensis WDC04, genes for potential metabolic pathways we...

The properties of capacitative Ca(2+) influx were studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in crypts isolated from rat distal colon. Store-operated cation influx was evoked by increasing the intracellular buffering capacity for Ca(2+) in the pipette solution; contamination by Cl(-) currents was reduced by the use of NMDG gluconate as the main electrolyte in the pipette solution. The p...

Ca 2 1 -activated Cl channels (Cl Ca Cs) are an important class of anion channels that are opened by increases in cytosolic [Ca 2 1 ]. Here, we examine the mechanisms of anion permeation through Cl Ca Cs from Xenopus oocytes in excised inside-out and outside-out patches. Cl Ca Cs exhibited moderate selectivity for Cl over Na: P Na / P Cl 5 0.1. The apparent affinity of Cl Ca Cs for Cl was low: ...

Three genes involved in gluconate metabolism, gntR, gntK, and gntU, which code for a regulatory protein, a gluconate kinase, and a gluconate transporter, respectively, were cloned from Escherichia coli K-12 on the basis of their known locations on the genomic restriction map. The gene order is gntU, gntK, and gntR, which are immediately adjacent to asd at 77.0 min, and all three genes are trans...