William F. Keane, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55415 (USA) It is widely recognized that once a critical number of nephrons has been damaged, a progressive loss of renal function occurs even if the original cause of renal injury is no longer present [1]. The final pathological picture, i.e. glomeruloscl...

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of kidney disease worldwide. The presumed etiology of primary FSGS is a plasma factor with responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy and a risk of recurrence after kidney transplant-important disease characteristics. In contrast, adaptive FSGS is associated with excessive nephron workload due to increased body size, reduced nephron ...

Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a primary glomerular disease that essentially represents a form of chronic, progressive renal fibrosis for which there is no discernible cause. Often presenting with or eventually manifesting the nephrotic syndrome, this disease is increasing in incidence in both children and adults. Therapy continues to be a challenge, although some patie...

Background and objectives: Treatment with IFN is rarely associated with nephrotic syndrome and renal biopsy findings of minimal-change disease or FSGS. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: We report 11 cases of collapsing FSGS that developed during treatment with IFN and improved after discontinuation of therapy. Results: The cohort consists of seven women and four men with a mean age...

Almost all kidney transplant recipients with diabetes mellitus will eventually develop recurrence of diabetic nephropathy in their allograft. Despite this high incidence, there are very few reported cases of diabetic nephropathy of diffuse type, and the nodular sclerosis form is uncommon. Recurrence of diabetic nephropathy of nodular glomerulosclerosis type usually occurs during the second deca...

Key words: de novo diabetic diffuse glomerulosclerosis; The patient's graft functioned well (mean serum creatinine of 124 mmol/l) and her fasting glucose was de novo diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis; post-transplant diabetes mellitus; renal transplant normal (range 3.8–5.2 mmol/l) during the first 7 months after surgery. Immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporin 12 mg/kg/day and subsequentl...

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) represents the most common primary glomerular disease responsible for the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States (US). The disease progresses from podocyte injury to chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately leading to total nephron degeneration. Extensive basic science research has been conducted to unwind the mechanisms of F...

Global glomerulosclerosis with loss of podocytes in humans is typical of end-stage renal pathology. Although mature podocytes are highly differentiated and nondividing, converging evidence from experimental and clinical data suggests adult stem cells within Bowman's capsule can rescue some of this loss. Glomerular epithelial stem cells generate podocytes during kidney growth and regenerate podo...

Mechanisms that initiate lupus nephritis and cause progression to end-stage renal disease remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that lupus-prone New Zealand Mixed 2410 mice that develop a severe glomerulosclerosis and rapidly progressive renal disease overexpress IL-4 in vivo. In these mice, STAT6 deficiency or anti-IL-4 Ab treatment decreases type 2 cytokine responses and ameliorate...

Minimal change nephropathy is relatively uncontroversial. This can be defined as the condition associated with the nephrotic syndrome in which glomeruli have no abnormality on light microscopy. Segmental sclerosing glomerular disorders are often called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, one of the most controversial terms in kidney disease. The tubular opening is the earliest site at which seg...