A carbon sphere-modified glass carbon electrode was prepared by employing cyclohexanol as a solvent to disperse the carbon spheres efficiently. The resulting electrode exhibits excellent sensitivity to cadmium(II), and a detection limit of 10(-10) mol/L has been obtained, which is one order of magnitude lower than those obtained by other electrodes. Along with immunity from interference of othe...

Due to the two-dimensional confinement of electrons, single- and few-layer MoSe₂ nanostructures exhibit unusual optical and electrical properties and have found wide applications in catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, field effect transistor, electrochemical intercalation, and so on. Here we present a new application in dye-sensitized solar cell as catalyst for the reduction of I₃(-) to I(-)...

The potassium-selective glass membranes like KAS,,_, and NAS,,_, are approx. IO times more sensitive to K+ than to Na +lp3. Since the concentration ratio of Na+/K+ in blood serum is around 35-40 and since there is at best a K+ over Naf selectivity in glass electrodes of IO, a separate measurement of the Na+ concentration is needed to correct the reading of the K+ sensor 4. Because of the depend...

TYPES OF MELTS From the practical viewpoint, melts may be classified according to melting points which may limit the available techniques. The lowest melting, with working temperatures up to 250°, are typified by the LiNO3—NaNO3— KNO3 eutectic, NaNO3—KNO3 eutectic, LiClO4, and ammonium formate. With these solvents it is possible to use the dropping mercury electrode, or hanging mercury drop ele...

The use of an optically thin indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode is presented for an optoelectric biosensor simultaneously recording optical images and microimpedance to examine time-dependent cellular growth. The transmittance of a 100 nm thick ITO electrode layer is approximately the same as the transmittance of a clean glass substrate, whereas the industry-standard Au(47.5 nm)/Ti(2.5 nm) electr...

A multibarreled glass-coated tungsten microelectrode suitable for single-unit recording and iontophoresis in chronically behaving animals is described. The microelectrode was stiff enough to pass through the dura matter of behaving monkeys, and can be applied as a microiontophoretic electrode. The electrode is easy to build and usable in stabilized conditions after repeated penetrations.

Current methods for recording field potentials with tungsten electrodes make it virtually impossible to use the same recording electrode also as a lesioning electrode, for example for histological confirmation of the recorded site, because the lesioning procedure usually wears off the tungsten tip. Therefore, the electrode would have to be replaced after each lesioning procedure, which is a ver...

An assessment of the sensitivities of the critical parameters in the ASTM D6423 documentary standard method for the measurement of pHe in (bio)ethanol has been undertaken. Repeatability of measurements made using the same glass electrode and reproducibility between different glass electrodes have been identified as the main contributors to the uncertainty of the values produced. Strategies to r...

objective: evidence shows that the powder/liquid mixing ratio recommended by the manufacturers is often not respected when mixing the glass ionomer (gi) powder and liquid, yielding a gi cement with disproportionate powder/liquid ratio. considering the confirmed effect of powder/liquid ratio on the gi properties, and more importantly, its fluoride release potential, this study aimed to assess th...