AIM To assess the importance of the first aid and medical care administered on the battlefield and at a field surgical unit for the outcome of craniocerebral war injuries. METHODS State of consciousness of 38 persons with craniocerebral injuries was assessed by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and follow-up of the vital signs and neurological deficit were determined by GCS outcome scale. RESUL...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The functional outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) varies widely. The aim of this study was to identify the factors predicting outcome following TBI. METHODS We prospectively enrolled acute TBI patients, and assessed them clinically and radiologically using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Functional outcome was measured using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A number of scores were developed to predict outcomes after clipping for subarachnoid hemorrhages, yet there is no score for patients undergoing endovascular treatment. Our goal was to develop, compare, and validate a predictive score for 1-year outcomes in patients with coiled subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS We studied 526 patients for 1 year after intensive care unit...

BACKGROUND Brain hypoxia (BH) can aggravate outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether BH or reduced brain oxygen (Pbto(2)) is an independent outcome predictor or a marker of disease severity is not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between Pbto(2), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and to examine whether BH correlates wit...

BACKGROUND Hydrocephalus following spontaneous aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often associated with unfavorable outcome. This study aimed to determine the potential risk factors and outcomes of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in aneurysmal SAH patients but without hydrocephalus upon arrival at the hospital. METHODS One hundred and sixty-eight aneurysmal SAH patients were evaluated...

OBJECTIVE  To compare the predictive accuracy and clinical utility of five risk scoring systems in the assessment of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. DESIGN  International multicentre prospective study. SETTING  Six large hospitals in Europe, North America, Asia, and Oceania. PARTICIPANTS  3012 consecutive patients presenting over 12 months with upper gastrointestinal bleedi...

Objective: The goal of this study were to identify the factors that may predict the outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) patients, and to assist in the management of their treatment. Methods: We retrospectively studied 90 patients admitted to our hospital in the two-year period from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2004, with an initial computed tomographic (CT) diagnosis of tSAH. Follow-u...

OBJECTIVE Ventricular enlargement following head injury is a frequent finding but cases requiring shunt operation are rare. The incidence and developing factors of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) have been variously reported, but studies for factors influencing outcomes of shunt operation for PTH are rare. The incidence of PTH requiring shunt operation, causing injuries, and factors influenc...

OBJECTIVE To systematically review which determinants, assessed within the first month after a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, predict 6-month functional outcome. METHODS Databases were searched for relevant publications between 1995 and August 2008. Selection criteria were: prospective cohort studies; determinants associated with functional outcome 6 months after moderate to sever...