aceae) is frequently taken orally, as a crude substance, as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. The major components of ginseng are ginsenosides, which contain an aglycone with a dammarane skeleton. These ginsenosides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory action and antitumor effects (inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis and the prev...

BACKGROUND Research has been conducted with regard to the development of methods for improving the pharmaceutical effect of ginseng by conversion of ginsenosides, which are the major active components of ginseng, via high temperature or high-pressure processing. METHODS The present study sought to investigate the anticancer effect of heat-processed American ginseng (HAG) in human gastric canc...

In the previous report, we have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rc, one of major ginsenosides, is a major component for the restoration for normal growth of worms in cholesterol-deprived medium. In the present study, we further investigated the roles of minor ginsenosides, such as ginsenoside Rh1 and Rh2, ginsenoside metabolites such as compound K (CK), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and protopanaxatriol...

A combination of ELISA, Western blotting and immunoaffinity concentration using an anti-ginsenoside Rb1 monoclonal antibody was applied for qualitative and quantitative surveys of ginsenoside Rb1 and related ginsenosides in roots and traditional Chinese herbal medicines. To improve the low correlation between ELISA and HPLC analysis, the crude extract of roots was immunoaffinity concentrated to...

Ginsenoside Rd was produced from ginsenoside Rc using a thermostable recombinant alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of ginsenoside Rd from Rc were pH 5.5, 80 degrees C, 227 U enzyme/ml, and 8.0 g/l ginsenoside Rc in the presence of 30% (v/v) n-hexane. Under these conditions, the enzyme produced 7.0 g/l ginsen...

Naturally occurring ginsenoside F1 (20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol) is rare. Here, we produced gram-scale quantities of ginsenoside F1 from a crude protopanaxatriol saponin mixture comprised mainly of Re and Rg1 through enzyme-mediated biotransformation using recombinant β-glucosidase (BgpA) cloned from a soil bacterium, Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 3082T. In a systematic...

To understand the role of intestinal microflora in the biological effect of functional herbs, which have been used in Korea, Japan, and China as traditional medicines, and suggest new bioactive compounds transformed from herbal constituents, the metabolic activities of the functional herb components (ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, poncirin, hesperidin,...