background: gastrointestinal and liver diseases (gild) are among the most common causes of morbidity and substantial proportion of mortality with enormous economic consequences in iran. we aimed to collect and report the most recent statistics on deaths, symptoms, physician visits, and hospitalizations for common gastrointestinal and liver diseases in gastrointestinal referral centers of tehran...

We establish the validity of the heavy traffic steady-state approximation for a single server queue, operating under the FIFO service discipline, in which each customer abandons the system if his waiting time exceeds his generally-distributed patience time. This follows from early results of Kingman when the loading factor approaches one from below, but has not been shown in more generality. We...

Glucose-sensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Glucose-sensing neurons alter their action potential frequency in response to physiological changes in extracellular glucose, insulin, and leptin. Glucose-excited neurons decrease, whereas glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons increase, their action potential frequency when extracellul...

Lactobacillus reuteri is a symbiont that inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals, and several strains are used as probiotics. After introduction of probiotic strains in a complex ecosystem like the GI tract, keeping track of them is a challenge. The main objectives of this study were to introduce reporter proteins that would enable in vivo and in vitro detection of L. reuteri and in...