Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) by nutrients, insulin and leptin leads to appetite suppression (anorexia). Contrastingly, increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity by ghrelin promotes appetite (orexia). However, the interplay between these mechanisms remains poorly defined. The relationship between the anorexigenic hormones, insulin and leptin, and the orexig...

Ghrelin is a novel brain-gut peptide that stimulates food intake and may secondarily increase body weight via a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Tumor-bearing mice (MCG101), characterized by anorexia, fat loss and muscle wasting due to increased concentration of PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha), were provided ghrelin i.p. at a low (20 microg/day) and h...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The gastric peptide ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for growth-hormone secretagogue receptor, has two major molecular forms: acylated ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin. Acylated ghrelin induces a positive energy balance, while desacyl ghrelin has been reported to be devoid of any endocrine activities. The authors examined the effects of desacyl ghrelin on energy balance. METHODS The a...

Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide synthesized mainly by stomach and hypothalamus. Ghrelin decreases secretion of thyroid hormones. Testosterone is an esteroidogenic hormone that exerts stimulatory effects on Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interactions between the central injection of ghrelin and testosterone on me...

Improvement of glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery appears to be from the composite effect of the alterations in multiple circulating gut hormone concentrations. However, their individual effect on glucose metabolism during different conditions is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine whether ghrelin has an impact on glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and insulin sensitiv...

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) causes ghrelin resistance in hypothalamic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons. However, ghrelin promotes feeding through actions at both the hypothalamus and mesolimbic dopamine reward pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that DIO would also establish ghrelin resistance in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a major site of dopaminergic cell bodies important in reward...

Previous studies have demonstrated that some endocrine consequences of long-term caloric restriction persist after weight restoration in human subjects. Here we evaluate effects of chronic food restriction in rats that were restricted to 70% of control kcal for 4 wk and subsequently weight restored. Measures were taken from rats at 80% (chronically restricted; CR), 90% (partially weight restore...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The growing epidemic of childhood obesity has forced scientists to search for methods to prevent feeding disorders. Increasing interest in appetite regulating hormones has revealed their influence on energy homeostasis after birth or even in utero. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE The presence of ghrelin in the stomach of human foetuses and the distinctive production in the pancr...

171 ISSN 1758-1907 10.2217/DMT.12.88 © 2013 Future Medicine Ltd Diabetes Manage. (2013) 3(2), 171–182 summary Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone released from the stomach that stimulates the release of growth hormone and has been shown to inhibit the release of insulin. Evidence from rodent models of diabetes and perturbed ghrelin signaling suggest that ghrelin plays a role in regulating glucose ...

background: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is characterized by fatty change of liver without inflammation. the aim of this study was to evaluate presence of clinical and metabolic components in non-diabetic patients with nafld and to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and these factors. materials andmethods: in this study, a group of 50 sonographically confirmed patie...