background: atrazine (atz) is a common herbicide in agriculture for control of grass and broad-leaved weeds. it persists in the environment and causes reproductive problems in both human and animals. the present study was aimed at protective effect of green tea against atz toxicity in the reproductive system of male rats. methods: the present study was performed in veterinary school, shahid bah...

Background: Varicocele (VCL) exerts its impact via enhancing inflammation and down-regulating testicular endocrine and antioxidant statuses. Celecoxib (CCB) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which its effects based on the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. On the hand, silymarin (SMN) is known for its remarkable anti-oxidative impact. Therefore, present study was desig...

This study was designed to evaluate the detrimental effect of atrazine (ATR) on germinal epitheliums (GE) cytoplasmic carbohydrate (CH) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) ratio and to clarify the effect of ATR on serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and inhibin-B (INH-B). The impact of ATR exposure on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm DNA packing and integrity were also investigated. Seve...

CD5 is expressed by most T cells and a subset of B cells. Human CD5 positive B cells are present in fetal lymphoid tissue, their frequency decreasing with fetal age. In adult human tissues, CD5 positive B cells have been reported to be present in the germinal centre and mantle zone. Malignancies of CD5 positive B cells include mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This report d...

Background: Despite several studies many questions remain regarding how varicocele develops its adverse effect on testicular tissue. Spermatogenesis cell lineage needs carbohydrates as a main source of energy for cell division. Any disruption in glucose transporting system in seminiferous tubules results in remarkable decrease in germinal cells biological function. Therefore present study was c...

In this review the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in mammalian cerebral cortex development has been highlighted. Many studies have focused on the potential role of the CSF in the developmental process. In particular, the cerebral cortex develops from the germinal epithelium adjacent to the CSF. CSF contains proteins, growth factors and other neurotrophic factors which are important for neura...

OBJECTIVE Concerns are growing about the decrease in male reproductive health. Caffeine is one of the popular nutrients that has been implicated as a risk factor for infertility. In the present study, we examined whether in utero and lactational exposure to caffeine affects the reproductive function of the offspring of rats. METHODS Pregnant rats received caffeine via drinking water during ge...

BACKGROUND Interleukin 16 (IL-16) acts highly chemotactic on CD4-bearing cells. Besides chemotaxis, IL-16 has numerous immunomodulatory effects, and not only on T cells. OBJECTIVE To determine IL-16 expression in human tonsils. METHODS Tonsillar follicles were immunohistologically characterized to elicit a possible cellular source of IL-16 expression. RESULTS The mantle zone of immature a...

One of the A. aurita medusa main mesoglea polypeptides, mesoglein, has been described previously. Mesoglein belongs to ZP-domain protein family and therefore we focused on A.aurita oogenesis. Antibodies against mesoglein (AB RA47) stain the plate in the place where germinal epithelium contacts oocyte on the paraffin sections. According to its position, we named the structure found the "contact ...