The digital elevation model (DEM) is the name given to a structure used indicate surface. Determination of features such as elevation, basin slope and area are very important in engineering applications. These properties determined by DEM their power represent accuracy or truth vital In addition latitude (X), longitude(Y) coordinate information, altitude information required, intermediate value...

uniaxial compressive strength (ucs) is one of the most significant factors on the stability of underground excavation projects. most of the time, this factor can be obtained by exploratory boreholes evaluation. due to the large distance between exploratory boreholes in the majority of geotechnical projects, the application of geostatistical methods has increased as an estimator of rock mass pro...

Modern geostatistical mapping methods are being applied to various types of data to produce more realistic and flexible characterizations of a natural random process. The Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) is a well-known geostatistical estimation method, especially for the use of soft knowledge as well as exact measurement data. Although development in geostatistical methods helps us to solve limi...

Reliable prediction of subsurface flow and contaminant transport depends on the accuracy with which the values and spatial distribution of process-relevant model parameters can be identified. Successful characterization methods for complex soil systems are based on (1) an adequate parameterization of the subsurface, capable of capturing both random and structured aspects of the heterogeneous sy...

BACKGROUND A better understanding of the adverse health effects of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) requires accurate estimates of PM2.5 variation at fine spatial scales. Remote sensing has emerged as an important means of estimating PM2.5 exposures, but relatively few studies have compared remote-sensing estimates to those derived from monitor-based data. OBJECTIVE We eval...

This paper is continuation work of a research started in 2005. In the previous research, variety of fuzzy digital elevation models was constructed and the best fit model was selected in order to present an alternative in modelling height information. The previous study revealed that fuzzy digital elevation model gave satisfied result compared with the result from TIN (Triangulated Irregular Net...