1. EXTRAWING EXTRAWING is a research and development project, started in February 2010, for novel and attractive representations of results of geophysical and environmental fluid simulations and effective transmission of those results to the general public. The name "EXTRAWING" is a coined acronym consisting of the initial letters of the following words: EXploring and TRAveling the World INside...

The ability to produce three-dimensional physical property models of the subsurface from surface geophysical data, coupled with an increasing need to explore for minerals in concealed terranes, results in geophysical inversions providing more significant information to the exploration team. We examine the role that geophysical inversion can play in an integrated mineral exploration program, and...

Radio echo sounding has been used for a number of years in the exploration of polar ice such as the inland ice in Greenland and Antarc­ tica. By means of this technique a number of important glaciological and geophysical parameters may be deter­ mined. Examples are ice thickness, bedrock topography and structure, stratification patterns which are used for climate and flow patterns studies, and ...

Methods for determining the parameters necessary for modeling fluid flow and contaminant transport in the shallow subsurface are in great demand. Soil properties such as permeability, porosity, and water retention are typically estimated through the inversion of hydrological data (e.g., measurements of capillary pressure and water saturation). However, ill-posedness and non-uniqueness commonly ...

in march 2004, a fluxgate gradiometer survey was conducted over tepe ghabristan, covering approximately 6ha of ground. it identified further areas of the iron age cemetery with possible grave pits (areas b and c). in addition, an irrigation channel was discovered which could be contemporary to these iron age graves (area d). the anomalies in area e can be interpreted as buried structural remain...

The propagation of shear waves in an anisotropic fluid saturated porous layer over a prestressed semi-infinite homogeneous elastic half-space lying under an elastic homogeneous layer with irregularity present at the interface with rigid boundary has been studied. The rectangular irregularity has been taken in the half-space. The dispersion equation for shear waves is derived by using the pertur...

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that employs an electromagnetic technique. The method transmits and receives radio waves to probe the subsurface. One of the earliest successful applications was measuring ice thickness on polar ice sheets in 1960s (Knödel et al., 2007). Since then, there have been rapid developments in hardware, measurement and analysis techniques, and the...

Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) is an active geophysical technique sensitive to the electrical resistivity of the subsoil, with the peculiarity that the source producing the electromagnetic signal is a man-made device. It has been largely applied for offshore environments in hydrocarbon exploration due to the good penetration depth and resolution, although its application onshore is s...

[1] Six different geophysical investigations, (1) ground-penetrating radar, (2) DC resistivity sounding, (3) seismic refraction, (4) very low frequency (VHF) electromagnetic, (5) helicopter borne electromagnetic (HEM), and (6) transient electromagnetic (TEM) techniques, were employed to obtain information on the ice body properties of pingos near Fairbanks, Alaska. The surface nuclear magnetic ...