A Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) is a well-known learning algorithmpredicated on a gradient descent method that minimizes the square error involving the networkoutput and the goal of output values. In this study, 261 GPS/Leveling and 8869 gravity intensityvalues of Iran were selected, then the geoid with three methods “ellipsoidal stokes integral”,“BPANN”, and “collocation” ...

Being a fundamental vertical reference surface, the use of the geoid is not limited to geodesy/geodetic applications. It is also used, but not limited to, in geophysics (i.e. interpretation of the Earth’s internal structure, solid earth science), geology (i.e. subsurface delineation), oceanography, and mapping/geographic information systems (GIS)/national spatial development infrastructure (NSD...

Abstract. The International Service for the Geoid (ISG, https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/, last access: 31 March 2021) provides free access to a dedicated and comprehensive repository of geoid models through its website. In archive, both latest releases most important well-known models, as well less recent or known ones, are freely available, giving users wide range possible applications perform a...

The Austral ian-Antarct ic discordance zone (AAD) is an anomalously deep and rough segment of the Southeast Indian Ridge between 120 ° and 128°E. A large, negative (deeper than predicted) depth anomaly is centered on the discordance, and a geoid low is evident upon removal of a low-order geoid model and the geoid height-age relation. We investigate two models that may explain these anomalies: a...

The Auvergne test on quasi-geoid estimation has been set up in co-operation with IGN and EGGP. IGN supplied the gravity, DTM and GPS/levelling data while EGGP contributed in assessing the test procedures. A first comparison between the computations performed by six different groups have been presented during the last Hotine-Marussi Symposium held in Rome (July 5-9, 2009). The results of this te...

Abstract The latest geoid model "HELLAS GEOID 2023" (HG2023) derived by the Hellenic Military Geographical Service is most comprehensive for entire area. Long-term gravity data, orthometric and geometric heights, seabed topography a high-resolution digital terrain were implemented in calculations. Data evaluation their accuracy estimation of major importance to ascertain compatibility among dat...

Advanced satellite geodetic systems have contributed to improving knowledge on changes in global gravity fields recent years. These offer profound opportunities the determination of a high-precision, high-resolution gravimetric geoid models data deficient regions. However, due absence research competence some regions, these conventional datasets not been implemented update obsolete reference fr...

Abstract Geoid anomalies offer crucial information on the internal density structure of Earth, and thus, its constitution dynamic state. In order to interpret geoid undulations in terms depth, magnitude lateral extension lithosphere upper mantle, effects lower mantle need be removed from full (thus obtaining residual ’upper geoid’). However, how achieve this seemingly simple filtering exercise ...

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) altimeter mission can measure high-resolution wide-swath sea surface heights (SSHs) that may greatly improve the current accuracy spatial resolution of marine gravity from nadir-looking altimeters. To investigate potential SWOT in recovering high-quality how observation errors should be treated to optimize anomaly observations, we create high-wavenu...