We present a new approach for generating virtual coordinates that produces usable coordinates quickly and improves the routing performance of existing geographic routing algorithms. Starting from a set of initial coordinates derived from a set of elected perimeter nodes, Greedy Embedding Spring Coordinates (GSpring) detects possible dead ends and uses a modified spring relaxation algorithm to i...

Geocoding aims to assign unambiguous locations (i.e., geographic coordinates) place names toponyms) referenced within documents (e.g., spreadsheet tables or textual paragraphs). This task comes with multiple challenges, such as dealing referent ambiguity (multiple places a same name) reference database completeness. In this work, we propose geocoding approach based on modeling pairs of toponyms...

Clines in life history traits, presumably driven by spatially varying selection, are widespread. Major latitudinal clines have been observed, for example, in Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally tropical insect from Africa that has colonized temperate habitats on multiple continents. Yet, how geographic factors other than latitude, such as altitude or longitude, affect life history in this s...

Macrophysiology is defined as the study of variation in physiological traits-including physiological trait flexibility-over large geographical and temporal scales, and the ecological implications of this variation. A classic example of a macrophysiological trend is the one emerging from the climatic variability hypothesis, which states that as the range of climatic fluctuation experienced by te...

The studied region in this research (Alborz province) is structurally located in Alborz poly_orogenic system of northern Iran. The purpose of this research is combining the remote sensing and geology sciences to show fault lineaments by analyzing satellite data in a vast region and also comparison between lineaments layer and recognized faults in geology maps. Firstly, two scenes of Landsat ETM...

In North America during the terminal Pleistocene (ca 15,000–10,000BP), patterns of geographical variability in mammal community richness differed from those observed here today. This paper presents analyses of paleontological and archaeological faunal data from throughout the continental US, and these analyses control for factors that might confound paleontological measurement of past community...

BACKGROUND Age at menarche is considered a reliable prognostic factor for idiopathic scoliosis and varies in different geographic latitudes. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis prevalence has also been reported to be different in various latitudes and demonstrates higher values in northern countries. A study on epidemiological reports from the literature was conducted to investigate a possible asso...

One of the most important diseases that affect sweet orange orchards in Brazil is the Citrus Black Spot that is caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa. This disease causes irreparable losses due to the premature falling of fruit, as well as its severe effects on the epidermis of ripe fruit that renders them unacceptable at the fresh fruit markets. Despite the fact that the fungus and the di...