background: the omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3 fatty acid) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) is currently used in the clinic as a nutritional supplement in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos). the present study was designed to investigate the effect of epa on the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparγ) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (encoded by th...

objective: the incidence of breast cancer is approximately one million which makes this cancer one of the most common among women worldwide. breast cancer comprises 7% of the total death rate caused by cancers. several strategies that use tumor-associated antigen (taa) vaccination and early detection of breast cancer are clinically being developed. breast cancer is caused by increased over expr...

background: niche cells, regulating spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) fate are believed to have a reciprocal communication with sscs. the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ssc elimination on the gene expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf), fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) and kit ligand (kitlg), which are the main growth factors regulating sscs deve...

background: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (pparγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. these two isoforms are encoded by different mrnas, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. there are two promoter regions upstream of pparγ gene. a 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as pparγ1 promoter re...

calorie restriction through ingesting no or minimal amounts of food and caloric beverages for periods of time is called fasting. fasting can affect body through changing in physical and metabolic adaptations, as well as mineral and hormonal status. however, psychological effects and sometimes medical complications are likely in case of inappropriate fasting. fasting is associated with changes i...

background: vast variety of intermediate factors including cell cycle regulators, growth factors, transcription factors, and signaling pathways are involved in hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) commitment and differentiation into distinct lineages. vhl, ecad, and runx3 are among these. epigenetics is currently introduced as a potential mechanism to control the gene regulation. the aim of this study...

background:class ii transactivator (ciita) is a dominanttranscriptional element, controlling numerous genes in theimmune system. ciita is expressed in a constitutive pattern inantigen presenting cells although its expression can occur inother cell types. since the revelation of ciita, there have beenconsiderable advances toward understanding its role as anactivator of mhc ii genes in humans and...

lentinan a polysaccharide from medicinal mushroom i.e lentinus, has been known to have anticancer properties. telomerase activity is not observed in normal healthy cells, whereas in cancerous cells telomerase expression is high. telomerase represents a promising cancer therapeutic target. we investigated the inhibitory effect of lentinan on telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (htert) which is...

the present study was conducted to find the effect of three heavy metals, ag, hg and pb on the expression level of a gene encoding plasma membrane h+-atpase in aeluropus littoralis. the experiment was laid out in a completely random design with three replications. the expression of the main gene was normalized to the expression of the housekeeping gene actin. two 259 and 187 bp fragments were a...

Myogenin gene (MYoG) affects the synthesis of muscle myofibrillar growth and increase of meat production. The myostatin (MSTN) gene is identified as a specific negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Reduction of the expression level of MSTN throughmutation in the sequence of this gene leads to an increase of myogenesis and regeneration of muscle cells during the postnatal growing period ...