Aim: To examine the role of cytokine interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in retinal capillary cell death in diabetes. Methods: The effect of glucose on the expression of IL-1b was measured in the bovine retinal endothelial cells. The role of IL-1b in the accelerated endothelial cell loss was determined by investigating the effect of human recombinant IL-1b on their apoptosis in normal and high glucose condi...

Background: DNA immunization is an appropriate method to produce an immunological response. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exotoxin A which is highly cytotoxic for eukaryotic cells. Since domains II (translocation domain) and 1b of the toxin have antigenic qualities, so they could be  useful candidates to protect against pseudomonas infections. Objectives: To evaluate if recombinant plasmid co...

Background: Asthma is the chronic inflammation of airways characterized by eosinophilic infiltration, mucus overproduction, airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodeling. These changes are induced mostly by cytokines which are produced by T helper (Th) 2 cells. Recently, the role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in the pathogenesis of adultallergic asthma has been studied. Objective: To explore IL...

Pancreatitis has the potential to occur with increasing cases of hyperlipidemia and alcohol consumption. Meanwhile, until now pharmacotherapy for pancreatitis is more emphasized pain relief lowering triglyceride levels (for HFD-induced pancreatitis). The polyphenol (quercetin) several biological activities, including anti-cancer, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory ant-diabetic. This study aimed ev...

OBJECTIVE Since ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), have been found to be variably associated with the IL-1B and the IL-1RN genes encoding interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), we have investigated whether these polymorphisms in IL-1B and IL-1RN are also involved in AS. METHODS DNA was isolat...

Proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia in many in vivo models. The rat skin model was used to investigate the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the basal and heatevoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from nociceptors in vitro. In contrast to the excitatory effects of cytokines observed in vivo, none of the ...

The majority of asthma exacerbations are caused by rhinovirus. Currently the treatment of asthma exacerbations is inadequate. Previous evidence suggests that macrolide antibiotics have anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects however the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the anti-rhinoviral potential of macrolides through the induction of anti-viral gene mRNA and protein. Primary human bron...

The majority of asthma exacerbations are caused by rhinovirus. Currently the treatment of asthma exacerbations is inadequate. Previous evidence suggests that macrolide antibiotics have anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects; however, the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the anti-rhinoviral potential of macrolides through the induction of antiviral gene mRNA and protein. Primary human bron...

Background: Z-360 is an orally active cholecystokinin-2 (CCK2)/gastrin receptor antagonist currently under development as a therapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer. It was previously reported that Z-360 treatment in combination with gemcitabine prolonged the survival period in a lethal pancreatic cancer xenograft model in mice. In a phase Ib/IIa clinical study, Z-360 treatment displayed a trend ...