language and culture are now deemed to be co-constitutive; hence english language teaching (elt) textbooks should incorporate cultural aspects and promote intercultural competence. however, careful decisions should be made as regards to the cultural content of materials and the ways in which culture is represented. this study was an attempt to deconstruct the patterns of cultural representation...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It has been reported that tobacco smoking slows the sterilisation of sputum culture in pulmonary tuberculosis, but the factors that could delay culture conversion in patients who smoke are not known. Our aim is to identify the factors influencing sputum culture conversion in smokers with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS Ninety-nine patients with a smoking history and d...

This study used samples of adults from the United States (n = 285) and the People's Republic of China (n = 450) to examine age, gender, and culture differences in personality. Participants in both samples ranged from 20 to 87 years of age and responded to the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Factor analyses of the CPI resulted in 4 personality factors (i.e., extraversion, control/norm ...

Global outsourcing increases the complexity of managing IT projects. Gender adds another level of difficulty when managing IT projects. Understanding country and gender -level differences may improve chances for success. This paper provides opportunities to better understand underlying country and gender differences of Indian IT workers. We used Hofstede’s value surveys module to analyse gender...

This article reviews the existing literature on differences in police response to IPV (intimate partner violence) based on officer gender and suggests policy changes that could address common issues identified in the research. Authors reviewed research on the effect of police officer gender on arrest rates of abusers, the criteria officers consider when making the arrest decision, and whether o...

Examining characteristics of traditional nomadic herding cultures and traditional sedentary farming cultures, both of which are deeply established in Central Asian history, this paper provides evidence on the persistence of gender roles in culture, spillovers from one culture to another, and the impacts of efforts promoting gender equality. First, I investigate whether differences in gender rol...