Graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws now exist in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in the United States. These GDL systems are designed to reduce the exposure of young novice drivers to risky situations (such as late-night driving and driving with other teen passengers when alcohol is likely to be involved). Our aims were to determine if (a) GDL laws reduce fatal crash involvements o...

abstract: compaction under tractors tires is of special concern because the weight of these machines has increased dramatically in the last years. these machines and others associated with crop cultural practices weight enough to significantly compact the soil, especially if the soil is soft with high moisture content during tilling, planting, or harvesting. the stress distribution and the size...

Prions induce lethal neurodegeneration and consist of PrPSc, an aggregated conformer of the cellular prion protein PrPC. Antibody-derived ligands to the globular domain of PrPC (collectively termed GDL) are also neurotoxic. Here we show that GDL and prion infections activate the same pathways. Firstly, both GDL and prion infection of cerebellar organotypic cultured slices (COCS) induced the pro...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are highly efficient power generators, being used recently in a clean hybrid power supply system. Comsol Multiphysics, a commercial solver based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was used for developing a three dimensional model of a high temperature PEMFC in order to study operation mode and performance of the fuel cell. Cathode gas flow velocity in...

< A statistical model is developed for estimating GDL thermal conductivity. < The model considers the statistical distribution of GDL geometrical parameters. < Angle and aspect ratio distributions are measured for some GDLs. < The dependency of thermal conductivity on geometrical parameters is considered. < New techniques are introduced for GDL geometrical property measurements. a r t i c l e i...

Electrochemical pressure impedance spectroscopy (EPIS) was introduced in view to differentiating transport/transfer phenomena of gas and liquid occurring electrochemical cells. This work aimed at measuring EPIS a 100 cm2 membrane fuel cell upon predominant control from transport, conditions where the presence water is little significant. Operating with pure oxygen allowed observation convection...

Responsive or smart contrast agents (SCAs) provide new opportunities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine a number of physiological and pathological events. However, their application in vivo remains challenging. Therefore, much research is focused on the optimization of their properties, to enable their use in additional imaging modalities, pre-targeted delivery, or to increase the l...

The present study reveals that the conventional notion that thermal contact resistance increases with porosity does not necessary hold. It is proved through a mechanistic robust model that, under specific circumstances, the porosities of two contacting bodies attain a critical value beyond which the contact resistance counter-intuitively drops. The model focuses on micro porous layers (MPLs) co...

The game description language GDL has been developed as a logicbased formalism for representing the rules of arbitrary games in general game playing. A recent language extension called GDL-II allows the description of nondeterministic games with any number of players who may have incomplete, asymmetric information. In this paper, we apply model checking to address the problem of verifying that ...

CONTEXT Graduated drivers license (GDL) programs have been shown to reduce motor vehicle fatalities among 15- to 17-year-olds. However, the 20 most rural states have been the least likely to enact more stringent GDL policies. PURPOSE Estimate the relationship of GDL programs and the number of traffic fatalities among 15- to 17-year-olds on rural interstate and noninterstate roadways. METHOD...