Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated brain activity evoked by mutual and averted gaze in a compelling and commonly experienced social encounter. Through virtual-reality goggles, subjects viewed a man who walked toward them and shifted his neutral gaze either toward (mutual gaze) or away (averted gaze) from them. Robust activity was evoked in the superior temporal ...

The improvement of gaze tracking system enables us to expand its research area from measurement of eye movements to gaze interface eld. In this paper, the requirements of gaze tracking system for gaze interface device are described at rst, and then technologies that satis ed them are presented. Next, the researches of gaze interface are shown within two categories, command-based interface and n...

Previous research has shown that listeners follow speaker gaze to mentioned objects in a shared visual environment to ground referring expressions, both for human and robot speakers. What is less clear is whether listeners exploit speaker gaze to infer referential intentions (Staudte & Crocker, 2010), or whether the benefits of gaze can be more simply explained by (reflexive) gaze following (Fr...

This paper discusses the problem of gaze tracking and its applications to multimodal human-computer interaction. The function of a gaze tracking system can be either passive or active. For example, a system can identify user's message target by monitoring the user's gaze, or the user could use his gaze to directly control an application or launch actions. We have developed a real-time gaze trac...

Direct gaze is a crucial signal in human social communication, which is known to attract visual attention and modulate a wide range of behaviours. The present study investigated whether direct gaze facilitates rapid orienting to faces, which is important for adaptive on-line communication, and its neural correlates. Fifteen participants performed a rapid orienting task, in which they were instr...

We investigated the metrics and kinematics of human eye-head gaze shifts using the anti-gaze shift task. Surprisingly, no systematic difference was found between peak gaze velocities of large pro- and anti-gaze shifts. In a follow-up experiment that equated perceived stimulus luminance across multiple eccentricities, pro-gaze shifts were consistently faster than anti-gaze shifts. In both experi...

Very young infants are sensitive to and follow other people’s gaze. By 18 months children, like chimpanzees, apparently represent the spatial relationship between viewer and object viewed: they can follow eye-direction alone, and react appropriately if the other’s gaze is blocked by occluding barriers. This paper assesses when children represent this relationship as psychological in nature. Stu...