This paper assesses the effects of duration membership in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Organization (WTO) structural economic vulnerability trade costs developing countries. The analysis is performed an unbalanced panel dataset 121 countries over period 1996–2018 primarily utilizes two-step system generalized method moments estimator. It has established several findings. ...

We propose a model of flexible trade agreements in which verifying the prevailing contingencies is possible but costly. Two types of flexibility emerge: contingent protection, which requires governments to verify the state of the world, and discretionary protection, which allows governments to set tariffs unilaterally. The structure of the GATT/WTO agreement provides these two types of flexibil...

A flock of Rambouillet sheep was examined because of increased lamb mortality due to ineffective hemostasis at parturition. Decreased activities of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, and severely reduced hepatic gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity with adequate vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase activity was determined.(1,)(21) Parenteral vitamin K(1) supplementation did not improve vitamin K...

Background: Sealants are used to prevent prolonged pulmonary air leakage (PAL) after lung resections (incidence 5.6–30%). However, clinical evidence support sealant use is insufficient, with an unmet need for a more effective product. We compared novel gelatin patch impregnated functionalized polyoxazolines (NHS-POx) (GATT-Patch) commercially available products.