Due to an increase of the nuclear power plant, radioactive waste is also increasing trend and due to the large amount of radioactive waste disposal costs also increase. Decontamination of soil contamination is depending on the soil characteristics and environmental factor, so single decontamination method is difficult for effective decontamination. We need innovative method to decontamination, ...

Vaporous decontamination methods were used in the remediation of anthrax contaminated buildings following the 2001 attacks in the U.S.A. Since then the development of vaporous decontamination methods has received considerable interest with significant advancements in the area of CB decontamination of buildings and sensitive equipment. This document reviews the current state of vaporous decontam...

Firefighters are exposed to carcinogens such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during fires and from their personal protective equipment (PPE). Recent research has shown that decontamination processes can reduce contamination on both gear and skin. While firefighter cultures that honor dirty gear are changing, little is known about current attitude...

The risk of incidents involving mass decontamination in response to a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear release has increased in recent years, due to technological advances, and the willingness of terrorists to use unconventional weapons. Planning for such incidents has focused on the technical issues involved, rather than on psychosocial concerns. This paper presents a novel exper...

Previous studies have demonstrated that rapid evacuation, disrobing and emergency decontamination can enhance the ability of emergency services and acute hospitals to effectively manage chemically-contaminated casualties. The purpose of this human volunteer study was to further optimise such an "Initial Operational Response" by (1) identifying an appropriate method for performing improvised ski...

abstract background: schistosoma haematobium is a parasite that is carried by freshwater snails and induces gastrointestinal and urinary disease, depending on its species. in khoozestan, one of the provinces in iran, schistosomiasis was endemic. this study reports the results of schistosomiasis control in this region. methods: from 1981 to 2001 nearly 650 villages and 20 cities were under surve...

Chemical and biological warfare agents (CBWA's) are diverse in nature; volatile acute low-molecular-weight toxic compounds, chemical warfare agents (CWA's, gaseous choking and blood agents, volatile nerve gases and blister agents, nonvolatile vomit agents and lacrymators), biological toxins (nonvolatile low-molecular-weight toxins, proteinous toxins) and microbes (bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae...

The occurrence of nucleic acid cross contamination in the laboratory resulting in false positive results of diagnostic samples is seriously problematic. Despite precautions to minimize or even avoid nucleic acid cross contaminations, it may appear anyway. Until now, no standardized strategy is available to evaluate the efficacy of commercially offered decontamination reagents. Therefore, a prot...

Dear Editor-in-Chief, We read with great interest the article entitled “A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it” written by Hashemi-Domeneh et al. (1) and recently published in the Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. The authors mentioned performing a gastric lavage using a solution of potassium permanganate (1/10000/1 g per 10 L) and administering activ...