G.R. Scuderi and A.J. Tria (eds.), Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopedics: Foot and Ankle Handbook, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0893-2_2, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Percutaneous techniques are becoming popular for treating many musculoskeletal conditions. Those developed for endoscopic carpal tunnel and plantar fascial release are currently among the most common. The reported ben...

The objectives of this paper were to determine the level of oxidative stress in atrophied gastrocnemius, and to verify the effect of molecular hydrogen (H2) saturated alkaline electrolyzed water (HSW) on gastrocnemius atrophy by modifying the redox status, indicated by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. Female Wistar rats w...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of functional electrical stimulation on muscle tone and stiffness in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Ten patients who had suffered from stroke were recruited. The intervention was functional electrical stimulation on ankle dorsiflexor muscle (tibialis anterior). The duration of functional electrical stimulation was 30 minu...

SR~TER, F. A. Cell water, sodium, and potassium in stimulated red and white mammalian muscles. Am. J. Physiol. 205(6) : I 2951298. I g63.pPotassium and sodium concentration and inulin space were measured in samples of rat soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles after indirect stimulation in situ for 4 min, 30 min, and 6 hr. Two samples were taken from the gastrocnemius muscle : one from it...

Rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle is an uncommon injury, with most cases occurring in athletes and, typically, presenting with the acute onset of focal calf pain and ecchymosis after injury. Although gastrocnemius ruptures are usually treated symptomatically with good results, we present an unusual case of a medial head of gastrocnemius muscle tear complicated by acute compartment syndrome in...

We examined young adult and late middle-aged male rats to test the hypothesis that gastrocnemius (a locomotor muscle) demonstrates reduced fiber size with aging, whereas soleus (a postural muscle) demonstrates atrophy of some fibers and compensatory hypertrophy in other fibers. Although body mass was greater in late middle-aged animals, mass was reduced in gastrocnemius but not soleus muscle. I...

Guinea pig hindlimbs were unilaterally immobilized at resting length to evaluate histochemical, biochemical, and contractile properties of immobilized muscle. Contralateral limbs remained unrestrained. Four weeks later contractile properties were measured under chloral hydrate anesthesia. Average time-to-peak tension of the immobilized soleus was 30% less, whereas that of the gastrocnemius was ...

Adjuvant arthritis is an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis that decreases liver and circulating IGF-I as well as skeletal muscle mass. The aim of this work was to elucidate whether IGF-I administration was able to prevent the effect of arthritis on body weight and on two skeletal muscles, gastrocnemius and soleus. On day 4 after adjuvant injection, control and arthritic rats were treated wit...

In studying the effects of expertise on different performance aspects gymnastic vault event, various springboard types with similar compression forces were evaluated between expert and novice-level gymnasts. Surface EMGs (sEMG) placed four major muscles (biceps femoris, rectus gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior) to find each gymnasts’ maximum voluntary contraction. Similarly, board knee ...

The etiology of mammalian senescence is suggested to involve the progressive impairment of mitochondrial function; however, direct observations of age-induced alterations in actual respiratory chain function are lacking. Accordingly, we assessed mitochondrial function via high-resolution respirometry and mitochondrial protein expression in soleus, quadricep, and lateral gastrocnemius skeletal m...