نتایج جستجو برای: gasoline additive

تعداد نتایج: 73609  

1999
Denis Breen Jeffrey Fischer Dan Hosken Pauline Ippolito Paul Pautler Michael G. Vita

Gasoline “divorcement” regulations restrict the integration of gasoline refiners and retailers. Theoretically, vertical integration can harm competition, making it possible that divorcement policies could increase welfare; alternatively, these policies may reduce welfare by sacrificing efficiencies. This paper attempts to differentiate between these possibilities by estimating a reduced form eq...

2011
Weiwei Liu

Using the most recently available data, this paper estimates the price and income elasticities of gasoline demand in the United States from a semiparametric smooth coefficient model. The econometric approach provides more flexibility by allowing functional coefficients to accommodate heterogeneity in gasoline demand. Instrumental variables are used to correct for the potential endogeneity of th...

2014
Jie Zhang Changchun Yang Ying Tang Rui Zhou Xiaoli Wang Lianghong Xu

BACKGROUND Methanol has become an alternative fuel for gasoline, which is facing a rapidly rising world demand with a limited oil supply. Methanol-gasoline has been used in China, but phase stability and vapor lock still need to be resolved in methanol-gasoline applications. In this paper, a series of tartaric esters were synthesized and used as phase stabilizers and saturation vapor pressure d...

Journal: :Molecules 2017
Andrey A Gusev Antonios C Psarras Konstantinos S Triantafyllidis Angelos A Lappas Paul A Diddams

ZSM-5-containing catalytic additives are widely used in oil refineries to boost light olefin production and improve gasoline octanes in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process. Under the hydrothermal conditions present in the FCC regenerator (typically >700 °C and >8% steam), FCC catalysts and additives are subject to deactivation. Zeolites (e.g., Rare Earth USY in the base catalyst and ZSM-...

Journal: :Energies 2022

The article discusses the results of experimental studies on course pyrolysis oil injection through high-pressure injector a direct-injection engine. used for tests was derived from waste plastics (mainly high-density polyethylene—HDPE). This then distilled. also describes production technology this laboratory scale. It presents chemical composition raw and after distillation process using GC-M...

2017
Jorge Fernandez-de-Cossio Jorge Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz Toshifumi Takao Yasser Perera Center for Genetic Engineering Biotechnology Center of Molecular Immunology Institute for Protein Research

Additive, multiplicative, and odd ratio neutral models for interactions are for long advocated and controversial in epidemiology. We show here that these commonly advocated models are biased, leading to spurious interactions, and missing true interactions. INTRODUCTION The concept of interaction stands for long controversial in epidemiology circles [1]–[7]. Main stream of these approaches arriv...

Journal: :Analytical chemistry 1999
D J Butcher A Zybin M A Bolshov K Niemax

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is a fuel additive that has been marketed for use in unleaded gasoline since December 1995. The widespread use of this additive has been suggested to cause health risks, but limitations in data regarding its degradation products and their toxicity prevent an accurate evaluation. To monitor the organomanganese compounds, it is clearly advantageo...

Journal: :Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 2010
Wangjun Che Guiming Liu Hong Qiu Hao Zhang Yun Ran Xianggui Zeng Weihua Wen Ya Shu

Gasoline engine exhaust has been considered as a major source of air pollution in China. Due to lower cyto- and geno-toxicity effects of methanol engine exhaust, methanol is regarded as a potential substitute for gasoline. We have previously compared cyto- and geno-toxicities of gasoline engine exhaust with that of methanol engine exhaust in A549 cells (Zhang et al., 2007).To characterize the i...

2012
E. Ganapathy Sundaram

Di methyl carbonate (DMC) has a lot of good properties to be used as a blend with gasoline. In order to improve the efficiency, combustion stability and emission performance of a spark ignition engine, oxygenated fuel (DMC) is added to a gasoline. In this experimental work, the effect of using 100% gasoline and gasoline-DMC blends (D5, D10, D15 and D20) on four cylinder engine performance and e...

2010
Stanislav Radchenko Dmitry Shapiro

This paper examines the effect of anticipated and unanticipated changes in oil prices and gasoline inventory on US gasoline prices. We estimate empirical responses to anticipated and unanticipated changes in oil prices and gasoline inventory and show that gasoline price adjustments are faster and stronger for anticipated changes in oil prices and inventory levels than for unanticipated changes....

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