Enhanced Heat Release Rate (HRR) methodology has been extended to the Mass Loss Calorimeter (MLC) and the Modified Schlyter flame spread test to evaluate fire retardant effectiveness used on wood based materials. Modifications to MLC include installation of thermopile on the chimney walls to correct systematic errors to the sensible HRR calculations to account for radiant energy losses to the c...

Gas-hydrates are crystalline form of water and methane that form at high pressure and low temperature. They have attracted the global attention due to their wide-spread occurrences in the permafrost and outer continental margins; potential as major energy resources; role in climate change etc. It is estimated that the carbon in gas-hydrates is two times the carbon content in fossil fuel reserve...

In this study, we aimed to establish whether domestic use of wood fuel is associated with reduced birth weight, independent of key maternal, social, and economic confounding factors. We studied 1,717 women and newborn children in rural and urban communities in rural Guatemala. We identified subjects through home births reported by traditional birth attendants in six rural districts (n = 572) an...

SUMMARY Vertical fluid-escape structures observed in seismic reflection data represent an important class of potentially active fluid flow pathways. An understanding the mechanism these types is needed to assess risk natural gas venting from potential subsurface carbon dioxide storage operations. The Scanner Pockmark Complex a 22 m deep, 900 × 450 seabed depression North Sea, which actively ven...

For hundreds of years, chimneys have been swept with long steel brushes inserted manually into the chimney from the top and from the bottom. Chimney sweeps are exposed to soot, with concurrent exposure to sulfur dioxide and arsenic (Bagchi & Zimmerman, 1980). Soot is black particulate matter that is formed as a by-product of combustion or pyrolysis of organic (carbon-containing) materials, such...

Coal power stations as well as waste incinerators produce humid acid gases which may condense in industrial chimneys. These condensates can cause corrosion of chimney internal cladding which is made of stainless steel, nickel base alloys or non metallic materials. In the aim of polluting emission reduction and material optimal choice, it is necessary to determine and characterize all the phenom...

The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that in 2010 there were 6.3, 3.5 and 3.2 million deaths attributable to tobacco smoking, household air pollution from solid fuels and ambient particulate matter pollution, respectively. The inhalation of polluted air is the leading risk factor for death and disability globally. The adverse effects of these three categories of air pollution impact mos...

This paper proposes discussions for the (re)negotiation of responsibilities in performances that involve a collaboration between human and computer agents. Most of current research is human-hierarchical, leaving the machine the role of a mere tool at performer’s service. In this paper a more balanced distribution of responsibilities between the two agent is proposed. Chimney, a software develop...