Abstract A proper hardening depth is critical to the load-bearing capacity of a part, and heat treatment, including carburizing quenching, can highly determine hardness distribution in part’s surface after manufacturing. This paper proposes ‘hardness prediction parameter optimization’ approach that deploys finite element method (FEM), artificial neural network (ANN), Genetic Algorithm (GA), des...

Carburizing is a process of adding carbon content in steel by using solid media. This study aims to determine the effectiveness carburizing on hardness and depth diffusion ST 42 with variety donor Meanwhile, media used were teak wood charcoal, coconut shell graphite. The results this are highest level namely 815.39 HV, charcoal 715.5 lowest graphite at 343.975 HV. While average was 0.0133 µ, 0....

Abstract In order to achieve the goal of a massive reduction CO 2 -emissions, fossil fuels have be substituted. Germany, continuous carburizing furnaces for high capacities are almost exclusively fired by natural gas due lower energy costs. Electrical heating and hydrogen combustion obvious alternatives. While electrical elements state-of-the-art these types furnaces, has not been investigated....